{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:57:21Z","timestamp":1790063841011,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberous sclerosis (TS), also known as Bourneville disease or Bourneville\u2013Pringle disease, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder classically characterized by the presence of hamartomatous growths in multiple organs. TS and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are different terms for the same genetic condition. Both terms describe clinical changes due to mutations involving either of the two genes named TSC1 and TSC2, which regulate cell growth. The diagnosis of TSC is established using diagnostic criteria based on clinical and imaging findings. Routine screening and surveillance of patients with TSC is needed to determine the presence and extent of organ involvement, especially the brain, kidneys, and lungs, and identify the development of associated complications. As the treatment is organ specific, imaging plays a crucial role in the management of patients with TSC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T12:49:29Z","timestamp":1311770969000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clinically Relevant Imaging in Tuberous Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Rupa","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadhna","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055323","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"355","author":"Crino","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201625","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Yates","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.34.3.256","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex: Neonatal deaths in three of four children of consanguineous, non-expressing parents","volume":"34","author":"Ruggieri","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2003.00012.x","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis: From tubers to mTOR","volume":"67","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801301206","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex consensus conference: Revised clinical diagnostic criteria","volume":"13","author":"Roach","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0992-37","article-title":"Linkage of an important gene locus for tuberous sclerosis to a chromosome 16 marker for polycystic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Kandt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5327.805","article-title":"Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34","volume":"277","author":"van Slegtenhorst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1086\/514888","article-title":"Renal cystic disease in tuberous sclerosis: Role of the polycystic kidney disease 1 gene","volume":"61","author":"Sampson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1086\/302381","article-title":"Comprehensive mutation analysis of TSC1 and TSC2-and phenotypic correlations in 150 families with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201402","article-title":"Mutational analysis of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes in a diagnostic setting: Genotype--phenotype correlations and comparison of diagnostic DNA techniques in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex","volume":"13","author":"Sancak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61279-9","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Curatolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R251","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi260","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis: A GAP at the crossroads of multiple signaling pathways","volume":"14","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-13","first-page":"400","article-title":"Allelic loss is frequent in tuberous sclerosis kidney lesions but rare in brain lesions","volume":"59","author":"Henske","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-14","first-page":"1639","article-title":"Loss of tuberin in both subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and angiomyolipomas supports a two-hit model for the pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis tumors","volume":"151","author":"Henske","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00304-7","article-title":"Neuropathology of tuberous sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Mizuguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-16","article-title":"Russel and Rubensten's Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System","author":"Vinters","year":"2006","edition":"7th ed"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.125880","article-title":"Subependymal nodules, giant cell astrocytomas and the tuberous sclerosis complex: A population-based study","volume":"93","author":"O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-18","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Cystlike white matter lesions in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Van Tassel","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.183.1.1549677","article-title":"MR imaging of tuberous sclerosis: Pathogenesis of this phakomatosis, use of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and literature review","volume":"183","author":"Braffman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.170.3.2916045","article-title":"Cerebral tuberous sclerosis: MR imaging","volume":"170","author":"Nixon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.4.1751067","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis in the fetus: Second-trimester diagnosis of subependymal tubers with ultrafast MR imaging","volume":"175","author":"Levine","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738020170101601","article-title":"Transmantle dysplasia in tuberous sclerosis: Clinical features and surgical outcome in four children","volume":"17","author":"Vigliano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190090401","article-title":"Brain abnormalities in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"19","author":"DiMario","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.e32","article-title":"Pictorial review of tuberous sclerosis in various organs","volume":"28","author":"Umeoka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-25","first-page":"139","article-title":"Brain lesions in tuberous sclerosis complex.Review","volume":"48","author":"Grajkowska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.01.001","article-title":"Cortical tubers, cognition, and epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Kassiri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389701200203","article-title":"Cortical tuber count: A biomarker indicating neurologic severity of tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"12","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2004.08.005","article-title":"Autism in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Curatolo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5535-2","article-title":"MRI findings reveal three different types of tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"257","author":"Gallagher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.6.0874","article-title":"Sequential CT study of subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis.Case report","volume":"65","author":"Morimoto","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2006000500033","article-title":"Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with high choline\/creatine ratio on proton MR spectroscopy","volume":"64","author":"de Carvalho Neto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61196-3","article-title":"Causes of death in patients with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Shepherd","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63072-6","article-title":"Renal lesion growth in children with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"160","author":"Ewalt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-34","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex developmental perspectives in psychiatry","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.026815","article-title":"The relation of infantile spasms, tubers, and intelligence in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.231025109","article-title":"Best cases from the AFIP: Angiomyolipomas in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Logue","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1689-5","article-title":"Clinical and molecular insights into tuberous sclerosis complex renal disease","volume":"26","author":"Siroky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1159\/000320891","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex renal disease","volume":"118","author":"Dixon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2303030003","article-title":"Angiomyolipoma with minimal fat: Differentiation from renal cell carcinoma at biphasic helical CT","volume":"230","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.251045074","article-title":"CT and MR imaging of extrahepatic fatty masses of the abdomen and pelvis: Techniques, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and pitfalls","volume":"25","author":"Pereira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.04.016","article-title":"Fat poor renal angiomyolipoma: Patient, computerized tomography and histological findings","volume":"176","author":"Milner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.06.119","article-title":"Imaging characteristics of minimal fat renal angiomyolipoma with histologic correlations","volume":"66","author":"Hafron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.205.2.9356635","article-title":"Angiomyolipoma: Imaging findings in lesions with minimal fat","volume":"205","author":"Jinzaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.12.013","article-title":"Diagnosis of angiomyolipoma using computed tomography-region of interest < or =-10 HU or 4 adjacent pixels < or =-10 HU are recommended as the diagnostic thresholds","volume":"61","author":"Simpson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462061312","article-title":"CT histogram analysis: Differentiation of angiomyolipoma without visible fat from renal cell carcinoma at CT imaging","volume":"246","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.05.041","article-title":"Clinical correlates of renal angiomyolipoma subtypes in 209 patients: Classic, fat poor, tuberous sclerosis associated and epithelioid","volume":"180","author":"Lane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.01.009","article-title":"Tuberose sclerosis complex: Analysis of growth rates aids differentiation of renal cell carcinoma from atypical or minimal-fat-containing angiomyolipoma","volume":"60","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.2.1410337","article-title":"Benign adrenocortical masses: Diagnosis with chemical shift MR imaging","volume":"185","author":"Mitchell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.6.01841868","article-title":"The use of opposed-phase chemical shift MRI in the diagnosis of renal angiomyolipomas","volume":"184","author":"Israel","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0336","article-title":"Utility of [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-PET in sporadic and tuberous sclerosis-associated lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"136","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070958","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis complex regulates trafficking of glucose transporters and glucose uptake","volume":"172","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199710000-00001","article-title":"Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the kidney: A report of five cases with a prominent and diagnostically confusing epithelioid smooth muscle component","volume":"21","author":"Eble","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01665.x","article-title":"Clinical presentation of epithelioid angiomyolipoma","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)81021-9","article-title":"Case report: Invasive renal angiomyolipoma--sonographic and CT features","volume":"48","author":"Reiff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2010.51.5.728","article-title":"Trends of presentation and clinical outcome of treated renal angiomyolipoma","volume":"51","author":"Koo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000058253.40352.60","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis complex and its highly variable manifestations","volume":"169","author":"Lendvay","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1159\/000019658","article-title":"Management of renal angiomyolipoma: Analysis of 15 cases","volume":"33","author":"Kessler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57589-8","article-title":"Symptomatic renal angiomyolipoma: Report of 8 cases, 2 with spontaneous rupture","volume":"119","author":"Mouded","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64440-0","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of renal angiomyolipoma","volume":"168","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2251011477","article-title":"Renal angiomyolipoma: Relationships between tumor size, aneurysm formation, and rupture","volume":"225","author":"Yamakado","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.32770","article-title":"Reduction of postembolization syndrome after ablation of renal angiomyolipoma","volume":"39","author":"Bissler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.09.028","article-title":"Embolization of renal angiomyolipomata in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"47","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000177497.31986.64","article-title":"Long-term outcome of transcatheter embolization of renal angiomyolipomas due to tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"174","author":"Ewalt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2008.02.005","article-title":"Embolization of renal angiomyolipoma: Immediate complications and long-term outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Lenton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)43234-4","article-title":"Renal lesions in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"138","author":"Stillwell","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001853","article-title":"Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors","volume":"70","author":"Rakowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn325","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis proteins regulate formation of the primary cilium via a rapamycin-insensitive and polycystin 1-independent pathway","volume":"18","author":"Hartman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)81222-7","article-title":"Diffuse bilateral glomerulocystic disease of the kidneys and multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas in a newborn.Relationship with tuberous sclerosis and review of the literature","volume":"188","author":"Saguem","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1416-2","article-title":"Glomerulocystic kidney disease","volume":"25","author":"Bissler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn045","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and aberrant planar cell polarity induce cyst formation in mice lacking renal cilia","volume":"17","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.07.046","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of renal involvement in genetically studied patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"72","author":"Pompili","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2006.05.004","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex: A review","volume":"21","author":"Leung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289603501202","article-title":"Evolution of cardiac rhabdomyoma in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"35","author":"DiMario","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050110","article-title":"Cardiac tumours in tuberous sclerosis: Their incidence and course","volume":"153","author":"Jozwiak","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/15513819609168703","article-title":"Fetal rhabdomyoma: Two instances of recurrence","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.1.189","article-title":"Pulmonary tuberous sclerosis","volume":"107","author":"Castro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.3.9904009","article-title":"Downregulation of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the abnormal smooth muscle cells in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis following therapy.An immunohistochemical study","volume":"161","author":"Matsui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.1.25","article-title":"Frequent estrogen and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in renal angiomyolipomas from women with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"117","author":"Logginidou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.2.7842216","article-title":"Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A report of 46 patients including a clinicopathologic study of prognostic factors","volume":"151","author":"Kitaichi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.6.1352","article-title":"Treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis.A meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Eliasson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.3_supplement.01840s37","article-title":"Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"184","author":"Ristagno","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880359","article-title":"Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia and lymphangioleiomyomatosis in tuberous sclerosis with a TSC2 gene","volume":"14","author":"Maruyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199710000-00017","article-title":"Clear cell \u201csugar\u201d tumor of the lung: Association with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia in a patient with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Flieder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.01.022","article-title":"A rare cause of hemoptysis: benign sugar (clear) cell tumor of the lung","volume":"25","author":"Santana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e626","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.6939","article-title":"Malignant clear cell sugar tumor of the lung: Patient case report","volume":"28","author":"Ye","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-86","first-page":"1177","article-title":"\u2018Benign\u2019 clear-cell tumor (sugar tumor) of the lung with hepatic metastases ten years after resection of pulmonary primary tumor","volume":"112","author":"Sale","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0105-5","article-title":"Metastatic PEComa to the brain","volume":"112","author":"Parfitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.4.1821027","article-title":"Frequency and imaging appearance of hepatic angiomyolipomas in pediatric and adult patients with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"182","author":"Fricke","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-89","first-page":"339","article-title":"The pathology of tuberous sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Bender","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pathol Annu"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09030402","article-title":"Extrathoracic angiomyolipomas in lymphangioleiomyomatosis","volume":"9","author":"Maziak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90628-2","article-title":"Colonic hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"94","author":"Devroede","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37749.x","article-title":"Hamartomatous rectal polyps are common in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"615","author":"Gould","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.83230\/ref-93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0509-1","article-title":"PEComas: The past, the present and the future","volume":"452","author":"Martignoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Imaging Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/clinically-relevant-imaging-in-tuberous-sclerosis\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/clinically-relevant-imaging-in-tuberous-sclerosis\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T11:58:58Z","timestamp":1611662338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/clinically-relevant-imaging-in-tuberous-sclerosis\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.4103\/2156-7514.83230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2156-7514.83230","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"article-number":"39"}}