{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:35:18Z","timestamp":1787758518411,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the role of muscle-relaxants as risk factors for the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) - the second most common retinopathy in our settings; despite multiple risk factors seen in our patients, 21% were initially labelled as idiopathic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case-control study at a tertiary hospital in the United Arab Emirates, where we reviewed the medical records of 273 patients with CSC examined between 2010 and 2019 for use of muscle-relaxants including tolperisone\/eperisone, carisoprodol and gabapentin\/pregabalin within a year of onset\/recurrence of the disease. Intake of drugs with known association with CSC (including corticosteroids\/sympathomimetics) was also recorded. Two hundred eighty-six subjects with adverse events seen at the same institute during the same study period served as controls. Odds ratios, Chi-Square tests and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to determine any associations with the muscle-relaxants and other pharmacological confounders - corticosteroids\/sympathomimetics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle relaxants may increase the risk of CSC as evident on multivariate regression analysis (OR: 2.55; confidence interval [CI]: 1.208-5.413); the significance was retained on removing the 6 subjects who had corticosteroids\/sympathomimetics (OR: 2.30; CI: 1.073\u20134.939). Univariate analysis yielded an OR of 2.52 for muscle relaxants (CI: 1.2149\u20135.2276), 2.96 for eperisone\/tolperisone (CI: 1.3531\u20136.5038), and 6.26 for eperisone as an individual agent (CI: 1.8146\u201321.6252).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found muscle relaxants to be associated factors of CSC regardless of inclusion of corticosteroids\/sympathomimetics (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Among individual classes of muscle relaxants in this study, only eperisone\/tolperisone posed a significant risk (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The vascular smooth muscle relaxation could be the possible mechanism that affects the choroidal blood flow and indirectly predisposes to CSC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2211-5056.361975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T07:01:11Z","timestamp":1669359671000},"page":"415-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The associations between central serous chorioretinopathy and muscle relaxants"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Manish","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunir 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