{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:42:38Z","timestamp":1789098158835,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Medknow","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Parasitol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.138534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T06:27:39Z","timestamp":1407824859000},"page":"80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Cultivation of parasites"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"NishatHussain","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2581","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"On the cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei","author":"Novy","year":"1904","journal-title":"J Infect Dis B"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-2","first-page":"842","volume-title":"Culture du parasite du Bouton d\u2032Orient","author":"Nicolle","year":"1908","journal-title":"C R Acad Sci (Paris)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-3","unstructured":"Diamond LS. Entamoeba, Giardia and Trichomonas. In: Taylor AE, Baker JR, editors. In Vitro Methods for Parasite Cultivation. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press; 1987. p. 1-28."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-4","unstructured":"Evans DA. Leishmania. In: In vitro methods for parasite cultivation. Taylor AE, Baker JR, editors. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press; 1987. p. 52-75."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-5","unstructured":"Visvesvara GS. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amebae. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, editors. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 7 th ed. Washington, D.C: ASM Press; 1999. p. 1383-90."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-6","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Culture of protozoan parasites","author":"Visvesvara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-7","unstructured":"Garcia LS. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. 4 th ed. Washington, D.C: ASM Press; 2001. p. 850-72."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-8","first-page":"211","volume-title":"In Vitro cultivation of parasitic helminths","author":"Yasuraoka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Med Parasitol Jpn"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-9","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Cultivation of plasmodium spp","author":"Schuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-10","first-page":"603","volume-title":"Complete development of Cryptosporidium in cell culture","author":"Current","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-11","first-page":"374","volume-title":"Cultivation of clinically significant hemoflagellates","author":"Schuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-12","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance","author":"Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-13","first-page":"390","volume-title":"In vitro cultivation of Cryptosporidium species","author":"Arrowood","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-14","unstructured":"Garcia LS. Parasitology. In: Isenberg HD, Garcia LS, editors. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. Sec. 7. Washington, D.C: American Society for Microbiology; 1992. p. 7.0.1-7.10.8.2."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-15","unstructured":"Taylor AE, Baker JR. The Cultivation of Parasites In Vitro. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ltd., 1968."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-16","unstructured":"Arora DR, Arora BB. \u200a Flagellates. In: Arora DR, Arora BB (editors). Medical Parasitology. 3 rd edition. \u200a CBS Publishers and Distributers Private Limited, Delhi-India; 2010. p. 46."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-17","first-page":"149","volume-title":"An evaluation of an InPouch TV culture method for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infection","author":"Borchardt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-18","first-page":"342","volume-title":"Cultivation of pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amebas","author":"Schuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-19","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Axenic growth and drug sensitivity studies of Balamuthia mandrillaris, an agent of amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and other animals","author":"Schuster","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-20","first-page":"639","volume-title":"Acanthamoeba keratitis: Increased sensitivity of the detection of parasites by modified cultivation procedure","author":"Winiecka-Krusnell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-21","first-page":"2317","volume-title":"Effects of grazing by the free-living soil Amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Hartmannella vermiformis on various bacteria","author":"Weekers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-22","first-page":"2750","volume-title":"Leptomyxid ameba, a new agent of amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals","author":"Visvesvara","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-23","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Axenic cultivation and partial characterization of Leishmania braziliensis amastigote-like stages","author":"Balanco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-24","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Leishmania mexicana: Serial cultivation of intracellular stages in a cell-free medium","author":"Pan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang KP, Fish WR. Leishmania. In: Jensen JB, editor. In Vitro Cultivation of Protozoan Parasites. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, Inc.; 1983. p. 111-53.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351073455-3"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-26","unstructured":"Taylor AR, Baker JR, editors. Methods of Cultivating Parasites In Vitro. London: Academic Press; 1978. p. 55-88."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-27","unstructured":"Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marmion BP, Simmons A, (editors). Mackie and McCartney, Practical Medical Microbiology. 14 th edition. \u200a Churchill Livingstone (Imprint of Elsevier), London- United Kingdom; 1996."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-28","first-page":"937","volume-title":"Parasitic culture of buffy coat for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","author":"L\u00f3pez-V\u00e9lez","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-29","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Kala-azar: A comparative study of parasitological methods and the direct agglutination test in diagnosis","author":"Zijlstra","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-30","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Cultures on NNN medium for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis","author":"Chouihi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-31","first-page":"519","volume-title":"Experimental infection of Leishmania (L.) chagasi in a cell line derived from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)","author":"Bello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-32","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Is culture of the entire plasmodium cycle, in vitro, now a reality?","author":"Hollingdale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-33","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Should cultivated exoerythrocytic parasites be considered as a source of antigen for a malaria vaccine?","author":"Beaudoin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-34","first-page":"583","volume-title":"Studies on malarial parasites: VII.Methods and techniques for cultivation","author":"Geiman","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-35","first-page":"562","volume-title":"Initial extracellular development in vitro of merozoites of Plasmodium falciparum","author":"Trager","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-36","first-page":"5618","volume-title":"Initial extracellular development in vitro of erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum)","author":"Trager","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-37","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Initial extracellular forms of Plasmodium falciparum: Their ultrastructure and their definition with monoclonal antibodies","author":"Zung","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-38","first-page":"5351","volume-title":"Extracellular (axenic) development in vitro of the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum","author":"Trager","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-39","first-page":"384","volume-title":"Extracellular development, in vitro, of the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum","author":"Trager","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-40","first-page":"566","volume-title":"Effect of erythrocyte membrane on extracellular development of the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-41","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Plasmodium falciparum culture: The benefits of shaking","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherman I. Magic Bullets to Conquer Malaria: From Quinine to Qinghaos. Washington, D.C: ASM Press; 2010.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816889"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-43","unstructured":"Ponnudurai T. Plasmodiidae: Erythrocytic stages. In: Taylor AE, Baker JR, editors. In Vitro Methods for Parasite Cultivation. New York: Academic Press; 1987. p. 153-79."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-44","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Cultivation of Babesia and Babesia-like blood parasites: Agents of an emerging zoonotic disease","author":"Schuster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-45","first-page":"1061","volume-title":"Growth of Babesia bovis in bovine erythrocyte cultures","author":"Erp","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-46","first-page":"1218","volume-title":"Babesia bovis: Continuous cultivation in a microaerophilous stationary phase culture","author":"Levy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-47","first-page":"1141","volume-title":"Continuous in vitro cultivation of Babesia bovis","author":"Erp","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-48","first-page":"775","volume-title":"Effects of PH, buffers and medium-storage on the growth of Babesia bovis in vitro","author":"Goff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-49","unstructured":"Canning EU, Winger CM. Babesiidae. In: Taylor AE, Baker JR, editors. In Vitro Methods for Parasite Cultivation. New York: Academic Press; 1987. p. 199-229."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-50","first-page":"358","volume-title":"Isolation and partial characterization of culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis antigens","author":"James","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-51","first-page":"523","volume-title":"Growth inhibition of Babesia bovis in culture by secretions from bovine mononuclear phagocytes","author":"Montealegre","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-52","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Culture-derived parasites in vaccination of cattle against tick-borne diseases","author":"Shkap","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-53","unstructured":"Laurent N, l\u2032Etoile M. Process for the culture of Babesia canis. Application to the preparation of antigens and vaccine against pyroplasmosis. Patent No. US 4,777,036; 1988."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-54","first-page":"401","volume-title":"In vitro cultivation of microsporidia of clinical importance","author":"Visvesvara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-55","first-page":"1108","volume-title":"Development of human and calf Cryptosporidium in chicken embryos","author":"Current","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-56","unstructured":"Upton SJ. In vitro culture. In: Fayer R, editor. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1997. p. 43-64."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-57","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Comparative development of Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa) in 11 continuous host cell lines","author":"Upton","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-58","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Comparative development of Cryptosporidium parvum in MDBK and HCT-8 cells under select atmospheres","author":"Upton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomed Lett"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-59","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Effects of select medium supplements on in vitro development of Cryptosporidium parvum in HCT-8 cells","author":"Upton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-60","first-page":"1062","volume-title":"Incorporation of exogenous uracil by Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro","author":"Upton","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-61","first-page":"45","volume-title":"A simple and reliable method of producing in vitro infections of Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa)","author":"Upton","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-62","unstructured":"Faust EC. Culture techniques. In: Faust EC, Russell PF, Jung RC, (editors). Clinical Parasitology. 8 th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1970. p. 800-5."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-63","first-page":"430","volume-title":"Long-term in vitro cultivation of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes under axenic conditions","author":"Spiliotis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-64","unstructured":"Beaver PC. Culture methods. In: Beaver PC, Jung RC, Wayne E, (editors). Clinical Parasitology, 9 th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1984. p. 763."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-65","unstructured":"Arora DR, Arora BB. Nematodes. In: Arora DR, Arora BB, (editors). Medical Parasitology. 3 rd edition. \u200a CBS Publishers and Distributers Private Limited, Delhi-India. 2010. p. 183."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-66","first-page":"177","volume-title":"A new method for culturing hookworm","author":"Harada","year":"1955","journal-title":"Yonada Acta Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-67","first-page":"27","volume-title":"A Test-tube Filter Paper Method for the Diagnosis of Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus and Strongyloides stercoralis","author":"Hsieh","year":"1962","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-68","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Application of test-tube cultivation method on the survey of bookworm and related human nematodes infection","author":"Hayashi","year":"1958","journal-title":"Jpn J Exp Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-69","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cryopreservation of protozoan parasites","author":"Miyake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-70","first-page":"1229","volume-title":"Acanthamoeba spp.cysts storage in filter paper","author":"Pens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-71","first-page":"2333","volume-title":"Serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in chronically infected pregnant women: Predominance of type II in Europe and types I and III in Colombia (South America)","author":"Peyron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-72","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Genetic approaches to studying virulence and pathogenesis in Toxoplasma gondii","author":"Sibley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-73","first-page":"11","volume-title":"A modified procedure of xenodiagnosis for chagas disease","author":"Maekelt","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-74","first-page":"277","volume-title":"The long survival of Borrelia hispanica (de Buen) in the argasid tick Ornithodorus nicollei Mooser","author":"Davis","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-5070.138534-75","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Xenodiagnostic technic as an aid in diagnosis of trichinosis","author":"Beck","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Tropical Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T03:54:14Z","timestamp":1598154854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tropicalparasitology.org\/text.asp?2014\/4\/2\/80\/138534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"alternative-id":["138534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2229-5070.138534","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5070"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5070","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}