{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:50:09Z","timestamp":1788929409081,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J App Basic Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516x.106352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]],"date-time":"2013-01-22T03:19:47Z","timestamp":1358824787000},"page":"107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of calabash chalk effect on femur bone morphometry and mineralization in young wistar rats: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"MosesB","family":"Ekong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TheresaB","family":"Ekanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AbrahamO","family":"Sunday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AquaisuaN","family":"Aquaisua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MondayI","family":"Akpanabiatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Why do human consume soil?","author":"Reilly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr Bull"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-2","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Geophagy in Africa and in the United States: A culture-nutrition hypothesis","author":"Hunter","year":"1973","journal-title":"Geograph Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-3","unstructured":"Food Drug Administration, FDA: New York. Nzu, traditional remedy for morning sickness. Available from: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Safety\/MedWatch\/SafetyInformation\/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts\/ucm196045.htm#footer. [Last accessed on 2010 Jul 06]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-4","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Prevalence of Baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Portland, Oregon, USA","author":"Yeitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-5","unstructured":"The National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control, NAFDAC: Abuja Calabash Chalk. Available from: http:\/\/www.nafdacnigeria.org\/alerts.html. [Last accessed on 2010 Jul 06]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-6","unstructured":"Health Canada. Calabash chalk may post risk for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Available from: www.hc-gc.ca. [Last accessed on 2010 Dec 02]"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-7","unstructured":"Pharmboy A (2010) Nzu: African morning sickness remedy in Texas contains lead and arsenic. Available from: http:\/\/scienceblogs.com\/terrasig\/2010\/01\/african_morning_sickness_remed.php#comment-2186178. [Last accessed on 2010 Jul 06]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-8","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Characterization and analysis of persistent organic pollutant and major, minor and trace element in calabash chalk","author":"Dean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-9","unstructured":"European Union Commission regulation (2001) Setting maximum level for certain contaminants in food stuff (EC) No. 466\/2001."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-10","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Differentia effect of calabash chalk on the histology of the liver of adult Wistar rats","author":"Ekong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-11","first-page":"177","volume-title":"The effect of calabash chalk or some hematological parameters in female adult Wistar rats","author":"Akpantah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk J Hematol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-12","unstructured":"Guyton AC, Hall JE. Text book of medical physiology. 11 th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2006."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-13","first-page":"265","volume-title":"X-ray shadows in growing bones produced by lead: Their characteristics, causes, anatomical counterpart in the bone and differentiation","author":"Park","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-14","first-page":"119","volume-title":"A comparison of concentrations of lead in human tissues","author":"Barry","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-15","first-page":"393","volume-title":"On the distribution of trace elements in human skeletons","author":"Brotter","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Radioanal Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-16","first-page":"594","volume-title":"Effect of lead exposure on skeletal development in rats","author":"Hamilton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-17","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Iron nutrition and possible lead toxicity.An Appraisal of geophagy undertaken by pregnant women of UK, Asian communities","author":"Abraham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-18","first-page":"353","volume-title":"Nutritional factors in lead poisoning","author":"Mahaffey","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-19","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Marginal zinc deficiency exacerbates bone lead accumulation and high dietary zinc attenuates lead accumulation at the expense of bone density in growing rats","author":"Jamieson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-20","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Cellular and molecular toxicity of lead in bone","author":"Pounds","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-21","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Influence of lead in mineralization during bone growth","author":"Hamilton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-22","first-page":"3061","volume-title":"Iron deficiency negatively affects vertebrae and femurs of rats independently of energy intake and body weight","author":"Medeiros","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-23","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Long term effect of Lead poisoning on bone mineralization in vultures exposed to ammunition sources","author":"Gangoso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Pollution"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-24","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Skeletal effect of developmental lead exposure in rats","author":"Ronis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2229-516X.106352-25","first-page":"18","volume-title":"New insight into the effects of lead modulation on antioxidant defense mechanism and trace element concentration in rat bone","author":"Payal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Interdis Toxicol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:03:09Z","timestamp":1786633389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/2229-516X.106352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"alternative-id":["106352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2229-516x.106352","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-516X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-516X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}