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Anemia-risk factor for periodontitis. KDJ 2010;33:173-5. Mustapha IZ, Debrey S, Oladubu M, Ugarte R. Markers of systemic bacterial exposure in periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontol 2007;78:2289-302. Sim SJ, Kim HD, Moon JY, Zavras AI, Zdanowicz J, Jang SJ, et al. Periodontitis and the risk for non-fatal stroke in Korean adults. J Periodontol 2008;79:1652-8. Wimmer G, Pihlstrom BL. A critical assessment of adverse pregnancy outcome and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35(Suppl):380-97. Mealey BL, Rose LF. Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal diseases. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2008;29:402-8, 410, 412-3. Kinane DF, Marshall GJ. Periodontal manifestations of systemic disease. Aust Dent J 2001;46:2-12. Loos BG. Systemic markers of inflammation in periodontitis. J Periodontal 2005;76(Suppl):2106-15. Enhos S, Duran I, Erdem S, Buyukbas S. Relationship between iron-deficiency anemia and periodontal status in female patients. J Periodontol 2009;80:1750-5. Lee GR. The anemia of chronic disease. Semin Hematol 1983;20:61-80. Beutler E. The common anemias. JAMA 1988;259:2433-7. Means RT Jr, Krantz SB. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 1992;80:1639-47. Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1011-23. McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutr 2009;12:444-54. Means RT. Hepcidin and cytokines in anaemia. Hematology 2004;9:357-62. Lea JP, Norris K, Agodoa L. The role of anemia management in improving outcomes for African-Americans with chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2008;28:732-43. Agarwal N, Kumar VS, Gujjari SA. Effect of periodontal therapy in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in chronic generalized periodontitis patients: An interventional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2009;13:6-11. Lainson PA, Brady PP, Fraleigh CM. Anemia, a systemic cause of periodontal disease? J Periodontol 1968;39:35-8. Chawla TN, Kapoor KK, Teotia SP, Singh NK. Anaemia and periodontal disease - a correlative study. J Indian Dent Assoc 1971;43:67-78. Siegel EH. Total erythrocyte, leukocyte and differential white cell counts of blood in chronic periodontal disease. J Dent Res 1945;24:270. Hutter JW, van der Velden U, Varoufaki A, Huffels RA, Hoek FJ, Loos BJ. Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:930-6. Thomas B, Ramesh A, Rithesh K. Relationship between periodontitis and erythrocyte count. JISP 2006;10:288-91. Rai B, Kharb S. Effect of scaling and root planing in periodontitis on peripheral blood. Int J Dent Sci 2008;6. Agarwal N, Kumar VS, Gujjari SA. Effect of periodontal therapy on hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in chronic generalized periodontitis patients: An interventional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2009;13:6-11. Gokhale SR, Sumanth S, Padhye AM. Evaluation of blood parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis for signs of anemia. J Periodontol 2010;81:1202-6. Bergstr\u00f6m J. Tobacco smoking and risk for periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30:107-13. Axelsson P, Paulander J, Lindhe J. Relationship between smoking and dental status in 35-, 50-, 65-, and 75-year-old individuals. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25:297-305. Bergstr\u00f6m J, Eliasson S, Dock J. A 10-year prospective study of tobacco smoking and periodontal health. J Periodontol 2000;71:1338-47. Tappia PS, Troughton KL, Langley-Evans SC, Grimble RF. Cigarette smoking influences cytokine production and antioxidant defences. Clin Sci (Lond) 1995;88:485-9. Ernst E. Haemorheological consequences of chronic cigarette smoking. J Cardiovasc Risk 1995;2:435-9. Erdemir EO, Nalcaci R, Caglayan O. Evaluation of systemic markers related to anemia of chronic disease in the peripheral blood of smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2008;2:102-9. Medappa N. Iron absorption and its implications on strategies to control iron deficiency anaemia. Indian Councs Med Res Bull 2000;30:1-7. Amar S, Chung KM. Influence of hormonal variation on the periodontium in women. Periodontol 2000 1994;6:79-87. Naik V, Acharys A, Deshmukh VL, Shetty S, Shirhatti R. Generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis is associated with anemia of chronic disease: A pilot study in urban, Indian males, J Investig Clin Dent 2010;1:139-43. Cartwright GE. The anemia of chronic disorders. 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