{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:22:33Z","timestamp":1787757753740,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nonsurgical treatment such as scaling and root planing has been the main therapy of periodontal management. However, some individuals are nonresponsive with only mechanical therapy. Rice hull liquid smoke (RH-LS) with higher of phenolic compound supposed to interfere with inflammation process. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammation properties of RH-LS for chronic periodontitis adjunct therapy by observing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2). Two groups of Wistar rats were used. Control group was induced by 1 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      colony-forming unit (CFU)\/ml\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PG<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and treated with aquadest for 2 and 7 days. Meanwhile, the other group was induced by 1 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU\/ml PG and treated with RH-LS for 2 and 7 days. Two central incisive\/mandibulae were dissected and stained with immunohistochemistry for analyzed the expression of Nrf-2 and IL-1\u03b2. Data were then analyzed statistically using independent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05). Treatment with RH-LS for 7 days showed lower expression of IL-1\u03b2 (4.00 \u00b1 1.58) than control group (13.60 \u00b1 2.70) and showed higher expression of Nrf-2 (11.60 \u00b1 1.95) than control group (4.20 \u00b1 1.64) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Treatment of RH-LS for 2 days showed higher expression of Nrf-2 (2.20 \u00b1 1.31) than control group (6.80 \u00b1 1.92) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). RH-LS showed anti-inflammation properties by elevating the expression of Nrf-2 and depressing expression of IL-1\u03b2 in periodontitis induced by PG.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.321508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T04:41:21Z","timestamp":1650516081000},"page":"95-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The expression of interleukin-1\u03b2 and nuclear factor erythroid-2 in the periodontitis after treatment of liquid smoke rice hull"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ira","family":"Arundina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresia Indah","family":"Budhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wisnu Setyari","family":"Juliastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meircurius Dwi Condro","family":"Surboyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisa Nur","family":"Halimah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Putrisa","family":"Lestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001","article-title":"Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: Keystones, pathobionts, and host response","volume":"35","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"R2-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: From microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R3-4-20240903","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Nazir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci (Qassim"},{"key":"R4-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-012-0196-8","article-title":"In vitro invasion and survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival fibroblasts; role of the capsule","volume":"60","author":"Irshad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz"},{"key":"R5-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06263","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanism involved in 4-ethylguaiacol-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells","volume":"67","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"R6-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.17096\/jiufd.90144","article-title":"Adjunctive use of antibiotics in periodontal therapy","volume":"49","author":"Bar\u00e7a","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Istanb Univ Fac Dent"},{"key":"R7-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-019-0068-8","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R8-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2018.11.012","article-title":"Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"132","author":"Bunte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"R9-4-20240903","first-page":"266","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of liquid smoke cinnamon production of variation of purification and different concentration","volume":"5","author":"Budaraga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sci Technol Res"},{"key":"R10-4-20240903","first-page":"70","article-title":"Oral ulcer healing after treatment with distilled liquid smoke of coconut shell on diabetic rats","volume":"8","author":"Surboyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Krishna Inst Med Sci Univ"},{"key":"R11-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02478.x","article-title":"Rice hull smoke extract inactivates Salmonella typhimurium in laboratory media and protects infected mice against mortality","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"R12-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4570","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2003392","article-title":"Composition of liquid rice hull smoke and anti-inflammatory effects in mice","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"R13-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.20473\/j.djmkg.v50.i2.p71-75","article-title":"Increase of collagen in diabetes-related traumatic ulcers after the application of liquid smoke coconut shell","volume":"71","author":"Surboyo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent J (Majalah Kedokt Gigi"},{"key":"R14-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06263","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanism involved in 4-ethylguaiacol-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells","volume":"67","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"R15-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.01.047","article-title":"Amelioration of 4-methylguaiacol on LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells through NF- ? B\/I ? B a\/AP-1 and Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"55","author":"Rui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.Funct.Foods"},{"key":"R16-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10049","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102188k","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation of lignins from rice husk","volume":"58","author":"Salanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"R17-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.20473\/j.djmkg.v48.i1.p35-38","article-title":"The decreasing of NF\u03baB level in gingival junctional epithelium of rat exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis with application of 1% curcumin on gingival sulcus","volume":"48","author":"Krismariono","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent J (Majalah Kedokt Gigi"},{"key":"R18-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-89","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis infection increases osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation in a periodontitis mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R19-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-77572016-0149","article-title":"Local application of statins in the treatment of experimental periodontal disease in rats","volume":"25","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"R20-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517715007","article-title":"The role of NrF2 in the regulation of periodontal health and disease","volume":"96","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R21-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12002","article-title":"Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease","volume":"64","author":"Cekici","year":"2014","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R22-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox4030577","article-title":"Periodontal disease-induced atherosclerosis and oxidative stress","volume":"4","author":"Kurita-Ochiai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel"},{"key":"R23-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1712776","article-title":"The macrophage responses during diabetic oral ulcer healing by liquid coconut shell smoke: An immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"14","author":"Surboyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"R24-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693527","article-title":"Potential of distilled liquid smoke derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell for traumatic ulcer healing in diabetic rats","volume":"13","author":"Surboyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"R25-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14020","article-title":"Mechanism of antibacterial activities of a rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium in vitro and in mice","volume":"83","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"R26-4-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.17113\/ftb.55.01.17.4633","article-title":"The anti-Staphylococcus aureus effect of combined Echinophora platyloba essential oil and liquid smoke in beef","volume":"55","author":"Pilevar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Technol Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/2231-4040.321508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:52:20Z","timestamp":1787755940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/2231-4040.321508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2231-4040.321508","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-4040","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}