{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:32:30Z","timestamp":1791772350370,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cachexia can occur as part of many end-stage or chronic diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Pentoxifylline in patients with cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was conducted as a double-blind randomized controlled trial on 70 patients with advanced malignancy who loss of &gt;5% of ideal or preillness body weight in the previous 2 months. Patients were assessed in two groups: case group, under treatment, using Pentoxifylline (400 mg) three times a day, for 2 months, and in the control group, patients received placebo. Age, sex, weight change, change in arm circumference and quality of life were assessed at baseline, week-4 and week-8.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the patients was 56 \u00b1 17.3 years and 47% were female. Weight and arm circumference decreased during follow-up in both groups, but these differences between case and controls were not statistically significant. Quality of life (QOL) score in the case group improved after 4 weeks then decreased at the end of treatment but in the control group QOL score decreased during 2 month treatment. In week-4 patients in the case group significantly reported higher score of QOL compare to patients in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.029).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results of this study demonstrated that Pentoxifylline in the treatment of cancer cachexia did not have any effect in weight gain and arm circumference in cachectic patients. But in short-term (1 month) treatment, QOL was improved in these patients. And after 2 month treatment this was not effective compared to placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.179182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T02:37:14Z","timestamp":1458614234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Pentoxifylline treatment in patients with cancer cachexia: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Valiollah","family":"Mehrzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohollah","family":"Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1332","article-title":"Dietary intake and resting energy expenditure in relation to weight loss in unselected cancer patients","volume":"93","author":"Bosaeus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R2-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2008","article-title":"Mechanisms of cancer cachexia","volume":"89","author":"Tisdale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"R3-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/601434","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: Mechanisms and clinical implications","author":"Donohoe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011"},{"key":"R4-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-0153","article-title":"Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 332 patients with cancer cachexia","volume":"15","author":"Mantovani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"R5-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01457.x","article-title":"Oesophageal cancer and cachexia: The effect of short-term treatment with thalidomide on weight loss and lean body mass","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R6-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2005.02.003","article-title":"Mediators involved in the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: Past, present, and future","volume":"21","author":"Argil\u00e9s","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"R7-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1345","article-title":"Definition of cancer cachexia: Effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis","volume":"83","author":"Fearon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R8-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6561","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0116","article-title":"Defining cancer cachexia in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Richey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R9-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000227126","article-title":"Clinical management of anorexia and cachexia in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"49","author":"Bruera","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"R10-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.2.241","article-title":"A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals","volume":"51","author":"Mifflin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R11-20251008","first-page":"72","article-title":"Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: Current issues in research and management","volume":"52","author":"Inui","year":"2002","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R12-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/1478271520093903002","article-title":"What is cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome? 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