{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:41:52Z","timestamp":1790613712290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male infertility refers to a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. It seems the large portion of this category of infertility, has roots in genetic factors.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PROTAMINE<\/jats:italic>\n                      family is one of the most important genes which are involved in male factor infertility. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PROTAMINE1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PROTAMINE2<\/jats:italic>\n                      (P1 and P2) genes expression in oligoasthenospermic individuals and intrauterine insemination (IUI) candidate couples\u2019 sperms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Samples were gathered from the patients referred to the Isfahan Infertility Center of Shahid Beheshti, 80 semen samples were in IUI candidates groups and 16 semen samples were in oligoasthenospermia group was collected. The outcome of IUI procedure was followed up after 14 days. Through these samples, 16 couples achieved pregnancy (IUI\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and from the top of the list, 16 semen samples with negative \u03b2-HCG were obtained (IUI\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). After RNA extraction from sperms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PROTAMINE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes family expression was evaluated in our three groups by real time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study revealed that P1 gene expression has no significant differences between IUI\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , IUI\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and oligoasthenospermia groups, whereas P2 gene expression showed significant differences between oligoasthenospermia with two IUI groups. Main sperm parameters have no significant differences between IUI groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study reveals P1 and P2 genes expression value have no significant differences between IUI\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and IUI\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      . On the other hand, P2 gene expression value has significant differences between oligoasthenospermia with two IUI groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.192729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T06:35:55Z","timestamp":1476945355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["PROTAMINE1 and PROTAMINE2 genes expression in the sperms of oligoasthenospermic individuals and intrauterine insemination candidates couples: Is there any significant differences?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Roshanak","family":"Aboutorabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility Laboratory, Beheshti Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Bakhteyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shokoofeh","family":"Baghazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility Laboratory, Beheshti Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Sadat","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility Laboratory, Beheshti Hospital, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251008","first-page":"420","article-title":"Studing the effects of psychological conclusion on the sense of the life among the reffering infertile woman to the infertility center of tabriz in 2010","volume":"3","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Acad Res"},{"key":"R2-20251008","first-page":"2","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of infertility in Iran, systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Parsanezhad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"R3-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr018","article-title":"Absolute asthenozoospermia and ICSI: What are the options?","volume":"17","author":"Ortega","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"R4-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den143","article-title":"Medical and socio-cultural aspects of infertility in the Middle East","author":"Serour","year":"2008","journal-title":"ESHRE Monogr 2008"},{"key":"R5-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.8.1703","article-title":"Increasing paternal age is associated with delayed conception in a large population of fertile couples: Evidence for declining fecundity in older men. 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