{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:26:37Z","timestamp":1787775997279,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo, a common disorder of depigmentation, is often difficult to treat. Corticosteroids are known to be effective, but with modest results. Although simvastatin has been reported to be effective for immunorelated dermatologic disorders including vitiligo, controlled trials are lacking. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of topical betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream (as a standard method of treatment for vitiligo) versus a combination of betamethasone valerate plus oral simvastatin in the treatment of vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-eight subjects with symmetric vitiligo who had body surface involvement up to 20% were divided randomly into two groups. Group A were treated with betamethasone valerate 01% cream twice daily and Group B with betamethasone valerate 01% cream twice daily and oral simvastatin 80 mg daily for 12 weeks. Finally, 46 patients completed treatment after 12 weeks in both groups. The results were evaluated by a blind dermatologist using Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) score at baseline, 4\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 8\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and 12\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      week of treatment. In a similar way, subjective assessment performed by patients based on photo evaluation at the end of the study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite a continuous reduction in VASI score in both groups, according to both physician (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13) and patient (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.374) assessment oral simvastatin was not statistically more effective than conventional treatment of vitiligo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicates that oral simvastatin is not associated with significant impacts in the treatment of vitiligo as compared to other inflammatory dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis. Indeed, other studies should be initiated regarding exact molecular and cellular effects of statins in the treatment of vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.203159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T03:07:35Z","timestamp":1490670455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Comparison of Betamethasone Valerate 0.1% Cream Twice Daily Plus Oral Simvastatin Versus Betamethasone Valerate 0.1% Cream Alone in the Treatment of Vitiligo Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fariba","family":"Iraji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hossin","family":"Banihashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin and Stem cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Faghihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zabihollah","family":"Shahmoradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabet","family":"Tajmirriahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safoura Bokaie","family":"Jazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2008.00462.x","article-title":"The ACE gene I\/D polymorphism is not associated with generalized vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population","volume":"21","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"R3-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370020107","article-title":"Studies on vitiligo. I. Epidemiological profile in Calcutta, India","volume":"2","author":"Das","year":"1985","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"R4-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.01948.x","article-title":"Late onset vitiligo: A study of 182 patients","volume":"44","author":"Dogra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01408.x","article-title":"Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against Melan-A\/MART1, tyrosinase and gp100 in vitiligo by the use of major histocompatibility complex\/peptide tetramers: The role of cellular immunity in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo","volume":"117","author":"Palermo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102030-00006","article-title":"Vitiligo. Pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Njoo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R8-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23667.x","article-title":"Less keratinocyte-derived factors related to more keratinocyte apoptosis in depigmented than normally pigmented suction-blistered epidermis may cause passive melanocyte death in vitiligo","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2008.00528.x","article-title":"Update on skin repigmentation therapies in vitiligo","volume":"22","author":"Falabella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"R10-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.7.970","article-title":"Cholesterol-lowering statins possess anti-inflammatory activity that might be useful for treatment of MS","volume":"59","author":"Zamvil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R11-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509073331003","article-title":"Effect of pravastatin on outcomes after cardiac transplantation","volume":"333","author":"Kobashigawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R12-20250806","first-page":"193","article-title":"Integrin expression on monocytes and lymphocytes in unstable angina short term effects of atorvastatin","volume":"45","author":"Dobreanu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"R13-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0532","article-title":"Simvastatin antagonizes tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition of bone morphogenetic proteins-2-induced osteoblast differentiation by regulating Smad signaling and Ras\/Rho-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"196","author":"Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R14-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630802206660","article-title":"Th17 cells: A new therapeutic target in inflammatory dermatoses","volume":"19","author":"Asarch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"R15-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1585","article-title":"TH17 cells contribute to uveitis and scleritis and are expanded by IL-2 and inhibited by IL-27\/STAT1","volume":"13","author":"Amadi-Obi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R16-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2004.00208.x","article-title":"Statins: Novel additions to the dermatologic arsenal?","volume":"13","author":"Namazi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R17-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4314\/njm.v19i1.54216","article-title":"The remarkable beneficial effect of adding oral simvastatin to topical betamethasone for treatment of psoriasis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Naseri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"R18-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.6.677","article-title":"Parametric modeling of narrowband UV-B phototherapy for vitiligo using a novel quantitative tool: The Vitiligo Area Scoring Index","volume":"140","author":"Hamzavi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R19-20250806","first-page":"75","article-title":"Design and development of an area estimating system to find the body surface area affected by vitiligo using simulation approach","volume":"2","author":"Mythili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Comput Sci Softw Eng"},{"key":"R20-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02101.x","article-title":"Narrow-band UVB phototherapy combined with tacrolimus ointment in vitiligo: A review of 110 patients","volume":"21","author":"Fai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R21-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(97)00180-6","article-title":"New concepts in vitiligo","volume":"15","author":"Hann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R22-20250806","first-page":"41","article-title":"The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin inhibits IFN-gamma induced MHC class II expression in human vascular endothelial cells","volume":"131","author":"Kwak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"R23-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01420.x","article-title":"Effect of topical calcipotriol, betamethasone dipropionate and their combination in the treatment of localized vitiligo","volume":"20","author":"Kumaran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R24-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650410073019","article-title":"Vitiligo treated with topical clobetasol propionate","volume":"120","author":"Kumari","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R25-20250806","first-page":"17","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of topical clobetasol 0.05% plus 5-fluorouracil 5% cream vs. topical clobetasol 0.05% alone in treatment of vitiligo","volume":"17","author":"Shahmoradi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"R26-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000182258","article-title":"Psoriasis in France and associated risk factors: Results of a case-control study based on a large community survey","volume":"218","author":"Wolkenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R27-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-3-7","article-title":"Positive pleiotropic effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on vitiligo","volume":"3","author":"No\u00ebl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01679891-201706000-00034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:48:29Z","timestamp":1787773709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01679891-201706000-00034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2277-9175.203159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-03-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-08-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}