{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:33:13Z","timestamp":1786739593959,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this article, we discuss the successful treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a rare complication of opioid overdose, through high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNCOT). A 32-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency department with an ambulance due to a state of confusion following intravenous opioid intake. On arrival, the patient had an arterial blood pressure of 100\/60 mmHg, pulse of 112 beats\/min, respiratory rate of 8 breaths\/min, and oxygen saturation (SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of 75%. On neurologic examination, he had miotic and isochoric pupils, and Glasgow Coma Score was 12 (E: 3 M: 5 V: 4). Cardiac examination showed that the heart was rhythmic and tachycardic. Chest examination revealed bibasilar crackles and wheezing. Naloxone was administered to the patient, and oxygen treatment was applied through a mask. Then, HFNCOT was commenced to the patient in whom the PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio in the blood gas was calculated as 141 following antidote treatment and whose chest radiograph showed bilateral infiltrations. The patient was discharged from the emergency critical care unit on the 3\n                      <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                      day of his hospitalization because infiltrations in his chest radiograph regressed. HFNCOT can recover the patient's hypoxemia and help reduce the necessity of mechanical ventilation in patients with mild or moderate ARDS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2452-2473.301911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1606706464000},"page":"30-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to opioid overdose"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Muge","family":"Gulen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Satar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onder","family":"Yesiloglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akkan","family":"Avci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selen","family":"Acehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-015-0091-6","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Ochiai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"R2-6-20240909","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The Berlin Definition","volume":"307","author":"Ranieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R3-6-20240909","first-page":"326","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: New definition, current and future therapeutic options","volume":"5","author":"Fanelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R4-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-015-0084-5","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults","volume":"3","author":"Nishimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"R5-6-20240909","first-page":"7","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Pathophysiology and therapeutic options","volume":"4","author":"Pierrakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"R6-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.11.020","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation used successfully in a near fatal case of opioid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Greenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R7-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01256.x","article-title":"Anaphylactoid shock \u2013 A common cause of death in heroin addicts?","volume":"52","author":"Edston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R8-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005476","article-title":"Narcotic reversal in hypercapnic dogs: Comparison of naloxone and nalbuphine","volume":"37","author":"Mills","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"R9-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03423","article-title":"Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in subjects with ARDS: A 1-year observational study","volume":"60","author":"Messika","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R10-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2010.01.001","article-title":"What is the evidence for the use of high flow nasal cannula oxygen in adult patients admitted to critical care units. 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