{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:42:52Z","timestamp":1786725772440,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aplastic anemia (AA) is an uncommon condition characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 have been shown to inhibit myelopoiesis and are major mediators of tissue damage. The primary goal of this study was to determine the IL-6 and IL-8 levels in children with AA, as well as their relationship to illness severity and immunosuppressive medication response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IL-6 and IL-8 levels were tested in 50 children aged 3\u201318 years who had AA. As controls, 50 healthy age and sex matched individuals were used. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (solid-phase) was used to measure IL-6 and IL-8 levels quantitatively. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in pg\/mL were used to represent the results. Immunosuppressive medication was given to the patients in accordance with the British Committee for Standards in Haematology Guidelines 2009.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The patients\u2019 average age was 11.3 \u00b1 3.7 years. Patients with AA had significantly higher IL-6 and IL-8 levels than controls (278.88 \u00b1 216.03 vs. 4.51 \u00b1 3.26;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and (120.28 \u00b1 94.98 vs. 1.79 \u00b1 0.78;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), respectively. The IL-6 and IL-8 levels were also investigated with respect to AA severity, with statistically significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) between different grading strata. Patients with very severe AA (VSAA) had the highest IL-6 levels (499.52 \u00b1 66.19), followed by severe AA (SAA) (201.28 \u00b1 157.77) and non-SAA (NSAA) (22.62 \u00b1 14.63). For IL-8 levels, a similar trend (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) was detected, with values of 209.81 \u00b1 38.85, 92.12 \u00b1 78.0, and 9.29 \u00b1 10.68 for VSAA, SAA, and NSAA, respectively. After 6 months of immunosuppressive treatment (IST), mean levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in responders and nonresponders were again assessed. The mean IL-6 level in the responders\u2019 group (46.50 \u00b1 45.41) was significantly lower, when compared to the nonresponders\u2019 group (145.76 \u00b1 116.32) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the mean IL-8 level in the responder\u2019s group (33.57 \u00b1 27.14) was significantly lower, compared to the nonresponder\u2019s group (97.49 \u00b1 69.00) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with AA had higher IL-6 and IL-8 levels than normal age- and sex-matched controls. Increased levels were linked to the severity of the condition, suggesting that IL may have a role in AA. IL levels can be monitored in AA patients during IST, which can assist in predicting response to IST.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_106_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T02:06:24Z","timestamp":1689818784000},"page":"446-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Children with Aplastic Anemia and its Correlation with Disease Severity and Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anurag","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharvan Kumar","family":"Bhargawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailendra Prasad","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma Shankar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil Kumar","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199705083361906","article-title":"The pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia","volume":"336","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.10.3075","article-title":"Numerous growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines are secreted by human CD34(+) cells, myeloblasts, erythroblasts, and megakaryoblasts and regulate normal hematopoiesis in an autocrine\/paracrine manner","volume":"97","author":"Majka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R3-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040391","article-title":"IL-6: Regulator of Treg\/Th17 balance","volume":"40","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R4-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03356.x","article-title":"The role of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in human organ transplantation and autoimmune disease","volume":"148","author":"Afzali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R5-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-266098","article-title":"Th17 immune responses contribute to the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia","volume":"116","author":"de Latour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R6-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-368308","article-title":"Functional characterization of CD4+ T cells in aplastic anemia","volume":"119","author":"Kordasti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R7-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07161.x","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-17 promotes macrophages to produce IL-8, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in aplastic anaemia","volume":"142","author":"Gu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R8-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.2.642","article-title":"Cutting edge: IL-17D, a novel member of the IL-17 family, stimulates cytokine production and inhibits hemopoiesis","volume":"169","author":"Starnes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R9-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23282","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.40.23282","article-title":"High activity suppression of myeloid progenitor proliferation by chimeric mutants of interleukin 8 and platelet factor 4","volume":"270","author":"Daly","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R10-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V45.3.355.355","article-title":"Selection of patients for bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia","volume":"45","author":"Camitta","year":"1975","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R11-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1988.tb02460.x","article-title":"Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) versus immunosuppression for the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia (SAA): A report of the EBMT SAA working party","volume":"70","author":"Bacigalupo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R12-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07842.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aplastic anaemia","volume":"147","author":"Marsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R13-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07450.x","article-title":"Predicting response to immunosuppressive therapy and survival in severe aplastic anaemia","volume":"144","author":"Scheinberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R14-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.4874","article-title":"Role of IL-6 in asthma and other inflammatory pulmonary diseases","volume":"8","author":"Rincon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R15-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721608","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/721608","article-title":"The many faces of interleukin-6: The role of IL-6 in inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis","volume":"2011","author":"Barnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R16-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2013.56.7.271","article-title":"The role of cytokines in seizures: Interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-1Ra, IL-8, and IL-10","volume":"56","author":"Youn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20367","article-title":"Bone marrow and blood plasma levels of IL-8 in aplastic anemia and their relationship with disease severity","volume":"79","author":"Tripathy","year":"2005","journal-title":"American journal of hematology"},{"key":"R18-20260512","first-page":"184","article-title":"Detection of interleukin-8 level in peripheral blood of patients with aplastic anemia","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R19-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986219","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/986219","article-title":"Expression level of IL-6 secreted by bone marrow stromal cells in mice with aplastic anemia","volume":"2013","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Hematol"},{"key":"R20-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.5.1825","article-title":"Involvement of Interleukin (IL) 8 receptor in negative regulation of myeloid progenitor cells in vivo: Evidence from mice lacking the murine IL-8 receptor homologue","volume":"184","author":"Broxmeyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R21-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000724","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels correlate with the severity of aplastic anemia in children","volume":"39","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R22-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000942","article-title":"Elevated serum interleukin-6 predicts favorable response to immunosuppressive therapy in children with aplastic anemia","volume":"39","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R23-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-219402","article-title":"Reciprocal differentiation and tissue-specific pathogenesis of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in graft-versus-host disease","volume":"114","author":"Yi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R24-20260512","first-page":"569","article-title":"Th1\/Th2 lymphocyte balance in patients with aplastic anemia","volume":"52","author":"Kaito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"R25-20260512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-015-0523-0","article-title":"OCH-mediated shift of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by NKT cells in mice with aplastic anemia","volume":"32","author":"Qiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Oncol"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_106_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:25:25Z","timestamp":1786724725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_106_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_106_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}