{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:36:34Z","timestamp":1787070994236,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexmedetomidine has been administered as an intravenous infusion for maintenance dose following a loading dose, however, there is no study conducted so far that has compared the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine administered as bolus intravenously. The study aimed to compare the hemodynamic stability between intravenous infusion and intravenous bolus injection dexmedetomidine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comparative observational study was conducted among 60 participants aged 20\u201360 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I\/II, scheduled to undergo elective ear, nose, and throat surgeries. Participants were divided into Group A (received a loading dose of 0.5 \u00b5g\/kg followed by 0.3 \u00b5g\/kg\/h intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine) and Group B (an intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine 0.5 \u00b5g\/kg) 15 min before the induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamic variables, anesthetic requirement, blood loss, volume of intravenous fluid, recovery time, pain scores, rescue analgesia required, and any adverse events were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Heart rate, blood pressure (BP), and mean arterial pressure were found to be significantly higher among participants receiving dexmedetomidine in the bolus group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Diastolic BP was higher 90 min after intubation. Mean propofol administered, total blood loss, and total intravenous fluid volume were significantly higher in the bolus group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Pain scores were higher in the bolus group after 2 h and infusion group after 12 h. Participants in the infusion group took more time to recover from anesthesia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Almost all outcome variables were significantly higher among the bolus group. The recovery time was nonetheless reduced. There were no adverse events reported in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_106_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T23:00:10Z","timestamp":1734476410000},"page":"474-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparing the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Administered as an Intravenous Infusion and Intravenous Bolus on Hemodynamic Stability of Patients Undergoing Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgeries"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Prajwal","family":"Siddappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaila Surendra","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900516","article-title":"The effect of the total intravenous anesthesia compared with inhalational anesthesia on the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"19","author":"Wormald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"R2-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02259.x","article-title":"Anaesthesia for endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"54","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R3-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2020.00584","article-title":"The efficacy of hypotensive agents on intraoperative bleeding and recovery following general anesthesia for nasal surgery: A network meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R4-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/201010581402300310","article-title":"Anaesthetic concerns for functional endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"23","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Singapore Healthc"},{"key":"R5-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3126\/jsan.v3i2.15607","article-title":"Effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in reducing blood loss during middle ear surgery under general anaesthesia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Soc Anesthesiol Nepal"},{"key":"R6-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev408","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effect of low dose epinephrine infusion in addition to tranexamic acid on blood loss during total hip arthroplasty","volume":"116","author":"Jans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R7-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23626.","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.23626","article-title":"Effects of clonidine premedication on intraoperative blood loss in patients with and without opium addiction during elective femoral fracture surgeries","volume":"5","author":"Ommi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R8-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. 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