{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:27:04Z","timestamp":1787776024582,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are essential for airway management but provoke a transient pressor response characterized by hypertension and tachycardia. This reflex sympathetic stimulation can pose significant risks to patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) using 2% lidocaine in attenuating hemodynamic responses and reducing postoperative airway complications during elective surgeries under general anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This randomized double-blind controlled study included 234 adult patients aged 18\u201360 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II physical status, divided into Group-L (lidocaine,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 117) and Group-N (normal saline,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 117). Hemodynamic parameters\u2013heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)\u2013were recorded at baseline, postinduction, and at defined intervals postlaryngoscopy and intubation. Postextubation complications, including cough, hoarseness, and sore throat, were assessed at 0, 2, 6, and 24 h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group-L showed significantly attenuated HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP compared to Group-N (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 at all-time points). Postoperative airway complications were significantly lower in Group-L immediately postextubation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) but comparable between groups at 6 and 24 h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided SLNB effectively attenuates the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation and reduces immediate postoperative airway complications. This technique offers a safe and effective strategy for haemodynamic stability in perioperative care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_113_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T15:05:40Z","timestamp":1754319940000},"page":"403-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bilateral Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block to Attenuate the Pressor Response of Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries Under General Endotracheal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Darshini","family":"Shivaramu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini Narasimha","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. N.","family":"Archana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish Bandigowdanahalli","family":"Kumararadhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dileep Kumar","family":"Annabattula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S. Sujana","family":"Theja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02083-3","article-title":"Conventional versus video-assisted laryngoscopy for perioperative endotracheal intubation (COVALENT) \u2013A randomized, controlled multicenter trial","volume":"23","author":"Schmid","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R2-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197712000-00013","article-title":"Complications related to the pressor response to endotracheal 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