{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:13:43Z","timestamp":1791980023314,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vector control measures assume utmost importance in the absence of specific treatment against clinically complicated Dengue virus infections. Preventive measures such as reduction of mosquito larvae breeding hot spots also include spraying of insecticides. However, insecticides pose a risk to the general population as well as to the environment. A search for a suitable environmentally friendly substitute for insecticides has been one of the goals of all researchers round the globe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the possibility of using salt in existing vector control programs, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of saline water on mosquito larva in the present study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Larvae of Aedes aegypti were subjected to six different doses of salt solutions ranging from 0.5% to 3% for the larval bioassay. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90 values) for 50% and 90% mortality were computed. Simultaneously, gravid females, A. aegypti mosquitoes, were released into the cage for egg-laying, and from the 4th day onward, the eggs were counted. Egg-hatching tests were also done in the salt solution to assess the influence of salinity on egg hatching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings imply that a salt concentration of 1%\u20132% is lethal for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      . With a salinity content of more than 2%, no egg-laying was observed. After control, the maximum emergence (64.5%) was recorded in a water bowl containing 8% saltwater (66%). The threshold concentration was found to be between 0.5% and 1.0%, after which the mortality of the hatched larvae rose sharply, reaching 100% in 24 h at 2.0% concentration. At a salinity of 2%, common salt sodium chloride (NaCl) was shown to be efficient in killing A. aegypti larvae.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unlike other insecticides, salt is nontoxic, crystalline, cost-effective, stable, and easy to implement. More studies on this aspect of salt may be undertaken in the future to assess its efficacy in field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_129_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T11:00:08Z","timestamp":1748689208000},"page":"656-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Salinity on Mosquito (Aedes) Oviposition Preference and Survival of Larvae: A Laboratory-based Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Majhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himmat","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramita","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninad Vilas","family":"Nagrale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.10.1.27","article-title":"The adaptation of mosquito larvae to saltwater","volume":"10","author":"Wigglesworth","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"R3-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60002-8","article-title":"Effect of common salt on laboratory-reared immature stages of Aedes aegypti (L)","volume":"3","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"R5-20260422","first-page":"242","article-title":"Towards management of mosquitoes at Homebush Bay, Sydney, Australia. I. Seasonal activity and relative abundance of adults of Aedes vigilax, Culex sitiens, and other salt-marsh species, 1993\u201394 through 1997-98","volume":"15","author":"Webb","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"R8-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.154162","article-title":"Effect of salinity on the behavior of Aedes aegypti populations from the coast and plateau of Southeastern Brazil","volume":"52","author":"de Brito Arduino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"R9-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-1237(05)80159-5","article-title":"A laboratory investigation into oviposition responses of Aedes aegypti to some common household substances and water from conspecific larvae","volume":"61","author":"Tilak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"R10-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485317000955","article-title":"Oviposition preferences of dengue vectors; Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Sri Lanka under laboratory settings","volume":"108","author":"Gunathilaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"R11-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.184839","article-title":"Impact of container material on the development of Aedes aegypti larvae at different temperatures","volume":"53","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"R12-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0203","article-title":"Influence of container size, location, and time of day on oviposition patterns of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, in Thailand","volume":"8","author":"Harrington","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"R13-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3390\/insects7040065","article-title":"Mosquito oviposition behavior and vector control","volume":"7","author":"Day","year":"2016","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"R14-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1109\/IBCAST51254.2021.9393020","article-title":"A Study on Adaptation of Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae in Sewage, Boring and Sea Water","author":"Hai","year":"2021","journal-title":"2021 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST)"},{"key":"R15-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2012.00254.x","article-title":"Pre-imaginal development of Aedes aegypti in brackish and fresh water urban domestic wells in Sri Lanka","volume":"37","author":"Surendran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"R16-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104977","article-title":"Biological differences between brackish and fresh water-derived Aedes aegypti from two locations in the Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka and the implications for arboviral disease transmission","volume":"9","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_129_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:56:01Z","timestamp":1786647361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_129_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_129_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}