{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:59:27Z","timestamp":1790067567952,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leukocyte-stimulating inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-27, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-10, in conjunction with the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-\u03baB), are essential in limiting\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections; however, it remains uncertain if these indicators are a reliable indicator of the severity of TB illness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we examined the mRNA expression of IL-27, IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, and NF-\u03baB in peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses in patients with tuberculosis (TB) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 25).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCR amplification of 16S specific to mycobacterium DNA showed 84% positivity rate among the 25 samples. Sputum patients with active TB showed higher activation NF-\u03baB mRNA expression when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the multidimensional IL-27 secretion in TB patients showed statistically significant mRNA expression as compared to healthy controls. Similarly, TB patients had drastically changed pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1\u03b2 mRNA expression. In addition, TB patients\u2019 anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mRNA expression was substantially lower than that of healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight significant alterations in cytokine expression (IL-27, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-10) and NF-\u03baB activation in active TB patients, indicating their potential roles in TB pathogenesis. However, further research is required to confirm their value as biomarkers for disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_133_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:23:32Z","timestamp":1781018612000},"page":"1449-1453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Activation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B-cells Pathway Induces a Pro-inflammatory Network in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vanitha","family":"Gnanasoundran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suganya","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeyakumar","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2012.00331.x","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Success through 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