{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:23:21Z","timestamp":1787768601305,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In spite of its global notoriety and WHO alarm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is still an understudied critical-priority pathobiont in Nigeria. We characterized its antimicrobial susceptibility profile and resistance genes during an outbreak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study involved collection of patients\u2019 urine samples and swabs from unit staff\u2019s hands and ward environments for the identification of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains using standard morphologic and biochemical methods. The disk diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates with the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) confirmed by the combined disk test screening method. Characterization of the resistance genes of the ESBL producers was carried out using polymerase chain reaction polymerase chain reaction technique.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of eight (six clinical and two nonclinical)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were identified. The overall isolate susceptibility and resistance rates to all the antimicrobial agents was 56.3% (27\/48) and 35.4% (17\/48), respectively. Similarly, all (8\/8; 100.00%) isolates were susceptible to meropenem and 75.0% (6\/8) to ampicillin-sulbactam while 62.5% (5\/8) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 50.0% (4\/8) to each of ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. In addition, 37.5% (3\/8) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) with nonclinical isolates exhibiting more antimicrobial resistance than their clinical counterparts (9\/12%\u201375.0% vs. 8\/36%\u201322.2%). Phenotypic detection and molecular characterization revealed three ESBL-producing isolates that each harbored\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      genes with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                      gene being absent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MDR strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      harboring\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      genes were recovered from clinical and environmental sources during the outbreak, which was contained with preventive measures recommended.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_141_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T10:02:44Z","timestamp":1706781764000},"page":"40-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Tertiary Health Center from Northwestern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yahaya","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar Sadiq","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabitu Muhammad","family":"Zainu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Kolawole","family":"Jimoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Olowo-Okere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Abayomi","family":"Ogunyinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jibril","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadijah Muhammad","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oloche Emmanuel","family":"Egbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma Muhammad","family":"Galalain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2023.1110125","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in healthcare settings in Africa","volume":"4","author":"Agyepong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Trop Dis"},{"key":"R2-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00098-23","article-title":"High genetic diversity of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates recovered in Nigerian hospitals in 2016 to 2020","volume":"8","author":"Odih","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"R3-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S342753","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance rates and surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where are we now?","volume":"15","author":"Kariuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"R4-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1698273","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of hospital-acquired (carbapenem-resistant) Acinetobacter baumannii in Europe, Eastern Mediterranean and Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Ayobami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R5-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.51585\/gjm.2022.3.0018","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii from the one health perspective in Nigeria: A systematic review of literature in the last decade (2011-2021)","volume":"2","author":"Ajoseh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ger J Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-20260504","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rectal colonization and nosocomial transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit, Southwest Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Odih","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R7-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15130","article-title":"Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, and their importance in hospital-acquired infections: A scientific review","volume":"131","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"R8-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111340","article-title":"Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the intensive care unit in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia","volume":"10","author":"Woon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"R10-20260504","first-page":"650","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of SHV, TEM, CTX\u2013M and extended spectrum beta lactamases produced by Escherichia coli, Acinobacter baumannii and Klebsiella isolates in a Turkish Hospital","volume":"4","author":"Bali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr J Res"},{"key":"R11-20260504","first-page":"7","article-title":"Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species from North Eastern Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Mohammed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R12-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.35882\/ijahst.v3i1.170","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection: A multicenter study, at Kebbi State, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Kalgo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Adv Health Sci Technol"},{"key":"R13-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.34172\/ijer.2021.05","article-title":"Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from patients with pneumonia at two hospitals in North-West Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Oyegoke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol Res"},{"key":"R14-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2020.1223","article-title":"High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in Northwest Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Olowo-Okere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Germs"},{"key":"R15-20260504","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance in gram-negative urinary pathogens: From country-specific molecular insights to global clinical relevance","volume":"11","author":"Bedeni\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"R16-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115422","article-title":"Characterization of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial isolates from Nigeria by whole genome sequencing","volume":"101","author":"Tickler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-20260504","first-page":"26","article-title":"Molecular basis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Southwest, Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Ike","year":"2020","journal-title":"Niger J Pharm Appl Sci Res"},{"key":"R19-20260504","first-page":"41","article-title":"Molecular detection of cefotaximase munich (CTX-M) resistant Acinetobater baumannii in a tertiarycare hospital in Southeast Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Okoro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biomed Invest"},{"key":"R20-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.10.006","article-title":"An overview of the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (MYSTIC) program: 1997\u20132004","volume":"53","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R21-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy293","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates: Results from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (1997-2016)","volume":"6","author":"Gales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"R22-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.9734\/arrb\/2022\/v37i1230559","article-title":"Characterization of virulent bacterial isolates associated with multi-drug resistance among patients with surgical site infections in selected specialist hospitals in Calabar, Nigeria","volume":"37","author":"Upula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Res Rev Biol"},{"key":"R23-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01374","article-title":"A review of SHV extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: Neglected yet ubiquitous","volume":"7","author":"Liakopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R24-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2020.1775881","article-title":"Contribution of NDM and OXA-type carbapenemases to carbapenem resistance in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii from Nigeria","volume":"52","author":"Ogbolu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"R25-20260504","first-page":"1","article-title":"bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M-15 extended spectrum beta-lactamase produced by Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterobacter clocae and Proteus mirabilis from pregnant women in three secondary health care facilities in South-South, Nigeria","volume":"18","author":"Uyanga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adv Microbiol"},{"key":"R26-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.4172\/jpb.1000248","article-title":"Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility study of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Middle East, African and Indian patients","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteomics Bioinform"},{"key":"R27-20260504","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of \u03b2-lactamase-encoding genes and molecular typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying carbapenemase OXA-24 in children","volume":"20","author":"Nojookambari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"R28-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10885","article-title":"Emergence of bla (TEM), bla (CTX-M), bla (SHV) and bla (OXA) genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia","volume":"22","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"R29-20260504","first-page":"527","article-title":"FDA approves new antibiotic combination for drug-resistant pneumonia","volume":"22","author":"Mullard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_141_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:16:52Z","timestamp":1787768212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_141_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_141_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}