{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:06Z","timestamp":1787840406916,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the effects of preoperative dexamethasone, administered intravenously or through nebulization, on postoperative sore throat (POST) and glucose regulation in patients undergoing general anesthesia (GA) with endotracheal intubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to asses the effectiveness of nebulised versus intravenous dexamethasone in prevention of postoperative sorethroat in patients undergoing GA with endotracheal intubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial with a sample size of 138 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 144 patients were randomized into three groups (48 each): Group A (control), Group B (nebulized dexamethasone), and Group C (intravenous dexamethasone). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, and ASA classification, were similar across groups. POST was assessed at multiple time points postoperation, whereas modified Cormack-Lehane grading and intubation attempts were recorded intraoperatively. Blood glucose (general random blood sugar [GRBS]) levels were measured pre- and postoperatively to assess the effect of dexamethasone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 21 (IBM SPSS Statistics, IBM Corporation, NY, USA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The gender distribution differed significantly across groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), whereas other demographic factors were comparable. Group B reported the lowest incidence of POST across all time points, with significant reductions compared to Groups A and C (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Cormack\u2013Lehane Grade 1 laryngeal view rates were similar across groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.76), with no significant differences in intubation attempt numbers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.76). Postoperative GRBS was significantly higher in Group C than in Group B (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), indicating increased glucose levels with intravenous dexamethasone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative nebulized dexamethasone effectively reduced POST incidence with minimal impact on postoperative glucose levels, whereas intravenous administration was associated with higher glucose levels. Nebulized dexamethasone may be a preferable option for sore throat prevention in patients undergoing GA with endotracheal intubation, balancing efficacy and metabolic impact. Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_150_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T09:00:10Z","timestamp":1755680410000},"page":"645-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nebulized Dexamethasone versus Intravenous Dexamethasone in Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat: An Interventional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Debahuti","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher 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