{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:32:48Z","timestamp":1787776368440,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kettlebells, dating back to 1703 in Russia, offer a full-body workout for strength, endurance, and flexibility. They activate back and hip musculature, reduce low back injury risk, and improve postural coordination. Cycling induces muscle hypertrophy, guiding exercise prescription.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study evaluates the impact of kettlebell and cycling exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy young adults, assessing lifestyle, body mass index (BMI), and relationship with HRV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pilot study at King George\u2019s Medical University\u2019s Department of Physiology in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh over a period of 1 year, involved 64 participants, including healthy adults aged 18\u201335, consenting individuals, and those under 35 diagnosed with any medical conditions were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study examined the impact of kettlebell and cycling exercise on HRV in 64 healthy individuals. The participants were divided into two groups, with no significant differences in height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, or blood pressure. After exercise, heart rate (HR) increased by 55%, but low frequency (LF) power and high frequency (HF) power decreased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that combining kettlebell and cycling exercise can improve cardiovascular health and overall physical fitness in 64 healthy individuals, increasing HR by 55% but decreasing LF and HF power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_156_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:07Z","timestamp":1741651207000},"page":"286-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Kettlebell and Cycling Exercise on Heart Rate Variability"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aman","family":"Paisal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaqib Husain","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dileep Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shraddha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3104","article-title":"The role of heart rate variability in sports physiology","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"R3-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00301","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic responses during exercise and post-exercise recovery using heart rate variability and systolic time intervals-a review","volume":"8","author":"Michael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"R4-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3327-9","article-title":"Submaximal exercise intensity modulates acute post-exercise heart rate variability","volume":"116","author":"Michael","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"R5-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181b64db1","article-title":"Heart rate variability, QT variability, and electrodermal activity during exercise","volume":"42","author":"Boettger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R6-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7020036","article-title":"Acute effect of kettlebell swings on sprint performance","volume":"7","author":"Kartages","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports (Basel)"},{"key":"R7-20260423","first-page":"493","article-title":"Acute effect of alternating heavy and light resistances on power output during upper-body complex power training","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R8-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0214-6","article-title":"Ballistic exercise as a pre-activation stimulus: A review of the literature and practical applications","volume":"44","author":"Maloney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R9-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d6867c","article-title":"The effects of exercise selection and rest interval on postactivation potentiation of vertical jump performance","volume":"24","author":"McCann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R10-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0440-9","article-title":"Optimal warm-up stimuli of muscle activation to enhance short and long-term acute jumping performance","volume":"100","author":"Saez Saez de Villarreal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"R11-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e3182889f47","article-title":"Weightlifting to improve volleyball performance","volume":"35","author":"Holmberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"R12-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijsspe.20170203.12","article-title":"The effect of core stability training on dynamic balance and smash stroke performance in badminton players","volume":"2","author":"Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci Phys Educ"},{"key":"R13-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.102.2015.1.1","article-title":"Cycle training induces muscle hypertrophy and strength gain: Strategies and mechanisms","volume":"102","author":"Ozaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Hung"},{"key":"R14-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk6040102","article-title":"High-intensity functional training guided by individualized heart rate variability results in similar health and fitness improvements as predetermined training with less effort","volume":"6","author":"DeBlauw","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"key":"R15-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.09.015","article-title":"Effects of 8-week kettlebell training on body composition, muscle strength, pulmonary function, and chronic low-grade inflammation in elderly women with sarcopenia","volume":"112","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"R16-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825770fe","article-title":"Transference of kettlebell training to strength, power, and endurance","volume":"27","author":"Manocchia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R17-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2018-0062","article-title":"Kettlebell exercise as an alternative to improve aerobic power and muscle strength","volume":"66","author":"Vancini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"key":"R18-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002279","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic and blood pressure responses to an acute bout of kettlebell exercise","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R19-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001193","article-title":"Comparison of cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in kettlebell high-intensity interval training versus sprint interval cycling","volume":"29","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R20-20260423","first-page":"408","article-title":"Acute cardiopulmonary responses to kettlebell exercise","volume":"39","author":"Flor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ci\u00eanc Esporte"},{"key":"R21-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.70252\/XXWT9443","article-title":"Cardiovascular and metabolic demads of the kettlebell swing using tabata interval versus a traditional resistance protocol","volume":"7","author":"Fortner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Exerc Sci"},{"key":"R22-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d15516","article-title":"Oxygen cost of kettlebell swings","volume":"24","author":"Farrar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R24-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182510629","article-title":"Comparison of kettlebell swings and treadmill running at equivalent rating of perceived exertion values","volume":"26","author":"Hulsey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.10.057","article-title":"Methods of assessment of the post-exercise cardiac autonomic recovery: A methodological review","volume":"227","author":"Pe\u00e7anha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R26-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","article-title":"Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use","volume":"93","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R27-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2318-8","article-title":"The effects of views of nature on autonomic control","volume":"112","author":"Gladwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"R28-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182474280","article-title":"Mechanical demands of kettlebell swing exercise","volume":"26","author":"Lake","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R29-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.7.913","article-title":"Interpretation of normalized spectral heart rate variability indices in sleep research: A critical review","volume":"30","author":"Burr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"R30-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2008.00231.x","article-title":"Reproducibility and gender-related differences of heart rate variability during all-day activity in young men and women","volume":"13","author":"Sztajzel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"R31-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0273981.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273981","article-title":"Decrease of heart rate variability during exercise: An index of cardiorespiratory fitness","volume":"17","author":"Mongin","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R32-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020350","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on the autonomic nervous system with a focus on anti-inflammatory and antioxidants effects","volume":"11","author":"Daniela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"R33-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1994652","article-title":"The ratio of heart rate to heart rate variability reflects sympathetic activity during incremental cycling exercise","volume":"22","author":"Tanoue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R34-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0182611.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182611","article-title":"The very low-frequency band of heart rate variability represents the slow recovery component after a mental stress task","volume":"12","author":"Usui","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R35-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040785","article-title":"The Role of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in different hypertensive syndromes","volume":"13","author":"Yugar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"R36-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05050-x","article-title":"Validation of a non-linear index of heart rate variability to determine aerobic and anaerobic thresholds during incremental cycling exercise in women","volume":"123","author":"Schaffarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"R37-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1662_21","article-title":"Study of immediate neurological and autonomic changes during Kapalbhati Pranayama in yoga practitioners","volume":"11","author":"Malhotra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R38-20260423","first-page":"208","article-title":"Acute effects on heart rate variability during slow deep breathing","volume":"30","author":"Malhotra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"key":"R39-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4.","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-5-4","article-title":"Heart rate variability changes during high frequency yoga breathing and breath awareness","volume":"5","author":"Telles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med"},{"key":"R40-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591708.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/591708","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on autonomic function in chronic heart failure: Systematic review","volume":"2015","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R41-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-023-09582-6","article-title":"Methods for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB): A systematic review and guidelines","volume":"48","author":"Lalanza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"R42-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-020-09495-8","article-title":"Can HRV biofeedback improve short-term effort recovery? Implications for intermittent load sports","volume":"46","author":"Perez-Gaido","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"R43-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15974.","DOI":"10.2196\/15974","article-title":"Effect of brief biofeedback via a smartphone app on stress recovery: Randomized experimental study","volume":"7","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_156_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:07:34Z","timestamp":1787774854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_156_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_156_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}