{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:52:55Z","timestamp":1790977975407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Postoperative scrotal swelling is a common occurrence following hydrocelectomy and may raise concern regarding complications, such as hematoma, infection, or recurrence. Differentiating physiological postoperative changes from pathological findings based on clinical examination alone can be challenging in the early postoperative period. Ultrasonography provides an objective and noninvasive method for postoperative evaluation; however, prospective data on serial ultrasound-based assessment following Jaboulay\u2019s procedure remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This prospective observational study included 75 adult patients with vaginal hydrocele who underwent Jaboulay\u2019s procedure at a tertiary care teaching hospital over 18 months. All patients underwent standardized ultrasonographic evaluation on postoperative day 2 (POD 2), POD 10, and at 2 months after surgery. Parameters assessed included scrotal wall thickness and epididymal head, body, and tail dimensions. Continuous variables were expressed as mean \u00b1 standard deviation and analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance, whereas categorical variables were compared using the McNemar test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean age of patients was 52.4 \u00b1 16.8 years. On POD 2, 48.0% of patients demonstrated moderate swelling, and 36.0% had mild swelling. By POD 10, a significant reduction in swelling was observed, with 60.0% of patients showing minimal swelling and 40.0% demonstrating complete resolution (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The mean scrotal wall thickness decreased significantly from 6.6 \u00b1 1.9 mm on POD 2 to 4.6 \u00b1 1.3 mm at 2 months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Significant reductions were also observed in epididymal dimensions across follow-up intervals (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Postoperative hematoma occurred in 5.3% of patients and was managed conservatively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Postoperative scrotal swelling following Jaboulay\u2019s procedure is predominantly physiological and resolves progressively over time. Serial ultrasonography plays an important role in differentiating normal postoperative changes from complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_197_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:00:59Z","timestamp":1778853659000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-based Evaluation of Postoperative Scrotal Swelling following Jaboulay\u2019s Procedure: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"NoelAdarsh","family":"Srivaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Thiyagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balasubramanian","family":"Sankararaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeyakumar","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishanth","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arafath","family":"Natchiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2019.1600582","article-title":"Epidemiology of hydrocele and spermatocele; incidence, treatment and complications","volume":"53","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of urology"},{"key":"R2-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2009.07.002","article-title":"Comparison of aspiration-sclerotherapy with hydrocelectomy in the management of hydrocele: a prospective randomized study","volume":"7","author":"Khaniya","year":"2009","journal-title":"International journal of surgery"},{"key":"R3-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16380","article-title":"A review of classification, diagnosis, and management of hydrocele","volume":"43","author":"Hoang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"key":"R4-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.06.008","article-title":"Risk of complications after hydrocele surgery: a retrospective multicenter study in Helsinki metropolitan area","volume":"43","author":"M\u00e4ki-Lohiluoma","year":"2022","journal-title":"European urology open science"},{"key":"R5-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271001744","article-title":"Sonography of the scrotum","volume":"227","author":"Dogra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R6-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200063","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200063","article-title":"The role of multiparametric ultrasound in the diagnosis of paediatric scrotal pathology","volume":"93","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"The British journal of radiology"},{"key":"R7-20260922","first-page":"352","article-title":"The painful scrotum: An ultrasonographical approach to diagnosis","volume":"46","author":"Muttarak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"R8-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000447145","article-title":"Classifying hydroceles of the pelvis and groin: An overview of etiology, secondary complications, evaluation, and management","volume":"10","author":"Dagur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Urol"},{"key":"R9-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.01.004","article-title":"Complications of scrotal surgery for benign conditions","volume":"69","author":"Swartz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R10-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.15075","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults","volume":"35","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"R11-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.1.112","article-title":"The adolescent varicocele: What\u2019s new with an old problem in young patients?","volume":"100","author":"Skoog","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_197_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:00:24Z","timestamp":1790974824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_197_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":11,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_197_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-30","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}