{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:47:08Z","timestamp":1787071628291,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For many surgical procedures, spinal anesthesia is a reliable and efficient anesthetic approach. Numerous drugs have been reported to be administered to intrathecal local anesthetics as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of spinal anes-thesia. There is little evidence of the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on pain scores and the consumption of analgesia postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After obtaining ethical approval, demographical and clinical data of patients who underwent surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia with intrathecal dexmedetomidine or fentanyl was collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study with 96 patients, intrathecal dexmedetomidine (group D) resulted in significantly lower post-operative pain scores com-pared to intrathecal fentanyl (group F) (p=0.000). Across various surgical types, including Orthopedic, General, Urology, and Obs\/Gyne procedures, group D consistently displayed reduced pain scores (p &lt;0.001). The number of patients who needed post-operative analgesia was significantly higher in group (F) than in group (D) (40 vs 23,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to fentanyl, intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthesia was found to lower post-operative pain scores and decrease the need for post-operative analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_227_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:03:04Z","timestamp":1760022184000},"page":"858-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Efficacy of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine versus Fentanyl on Postoperative Pain: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohammed I. A.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Mut\u2019ah School of Medicine, Al-Karak, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lou\u2019i","family":"Al-Husinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Al Sharie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Araydah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Baydoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Abdulhadi General Hospital, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaid","family":"Al Modanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Tripepi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Hospital San Giuseppe Moscati of Avellino, Avellino, Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, the National Relief Hospital \u201cAntonio Cardarelli\u201d of Naples, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Gammaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Private Hospital Tortorella, Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giustino","family":"Varrassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Medicine, Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Wasfi","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Mut\u2019ah School of Medicine, Al-Karak, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Talafha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail M. 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