{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:37:28Z","timestamp":1787071048062,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric endotracheal intubation is challenging due to airway anatomical differences. Accurate endotracheal tube (ETT) sizing is crucial for effective ventilation and preventing complications. Traditional age, weight, or height-based methods are often unreliable, leading to multiple attempts. Ultrasonography (USG), by measuring cricoid diameter, offers a more precise alternative. This study compares USG with age-based formulae in selecting the appropriate ETT size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study involved 96 pediatric patients (2\u201312 years) undergoing elective surgery. Group A used the Penlington formula, whereas Group B used USG-guided ETT selection. The subglottic diameter was measured using USG, and the closest matching ETT was chosen. An independent anesthesiologist performed an air leak test to assess ETT suitability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      USG-based selection (Group B) resulted in fewer ETT exchanges and higher rates of correctly sized tubes compared to the Penlington formula (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). Group A significantly underestimated ETT size (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), whereas Group B showed a minor overestimation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>USG provided a more precise method for ETT selection, reducing repeated intubations and associated risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>USG-based cricoid diameter estimation is a more reliable method for determining ETT size than traditional formulas, reducing tube exchanges and enhancing patient safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  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