{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:46:42Z","timestamp":1791812802905,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is an uncommon benign inflammatory disease of the gallbladder characterized by destructive inflammatory changes, fibrosis, and infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages. Despite its benign nature, XGC can closely mimic gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) clinically, radiologically, and intraoperatively, posing a significant diagnostic challenge. We report the case of a 58-year-old female who presented with recurrent right upper quadrant pain for several months, aggravated by food intake and occasionally associated with nausea. There was no history of fever, jaundice, vomiting, or weight loss. Clinical examination revealed mild tenderness in the right hypochondrium without guarding or palpable mass. Laboratory investigations were within normal limits, and imaging findings were suggestive of chronic calculous cholecystitis. The patient underwent open cholecystectomy. Intraoperatively, the gallbladder was thick-walled with dense adhesions and contained a gallstone. Histopathological examination revealed mucosal ulceration, submucosal fibrosis, muscular hypertrophy, and transmural infiltration by foamy histiocytes with mixed inflammatory cells, confirming XGC. No evidence of malignancy was identified. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulty of differentiating XGC from GBC preoperatively. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_247_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:00:18Z","timestamp":1781870418000},"page":"S498-S501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis Presenting as Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis: A Diagnostic Challenge"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Virendra S.","family":"Athavale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, D. Y. Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, D. Y. Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2021.201006","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer: Two diseases with difficult differential diagnoses","volume":"32","author":"Akkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R2-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v8.i2.183","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: What every radiologist should know","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"R3-20261012","first-page":"78","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Report of two cases","volume":"72","author":"McCoy","year":"1976","journal-title":"J S C Med Assoc"},{"key":"R4-20261012","first-page":"423","article-title":"Benign tumors and pseudotumors of the gallbladder. Report of 180 cases","volume":"90","author":"Christensen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"R5-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-023-01778-w","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gall bladder cancer: A diagnostic dilemma and review of literature","volume":"14","author":"Chauhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R6-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rjad308","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjad308","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: Diagnostic complexity and review of the literature","volume":"2023","author":"Arnott","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"R7-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000363","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma: A case report","volume":"85","author":"Rijal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"R8-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2021.02.004","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: Diagnosis and management","volume":"158","author":"Giudicelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"key":"R9-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12653","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i44.12653","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma: An analysis of 42 cases","volume":"21","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R10-20261012","first-page":"31","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: Differentiation from associated gall bladder carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Rao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R11-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12152","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A European and global perspective","volume":"16","author":"Hale","year":"2014","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"R12-20261012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2007.02154.x","article-title":"Involvement of Escherichia coli in pathogenesis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis with scavenger receptor class A and CXCL16-CXCR6 interaction","volume":"57","author":"Sawada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pathol Int"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_247_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:01:41Z","timestamp":1791810101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_247_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_247_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}