{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:21:43Z","timestamp":1787764903362,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a chronic neurological condition prevalent in Saudi Arabia. It causes a spectrum of neurological impairments that result in functional limitations and disability. The physical and psychological burdens of multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly impact patients\u2019 health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, research evaluating its effects on HRQoL within the Saudi context remains scarce. This study aimed to compare HRQoL among RRMS patients undergoing treatment with teriflunomide or dimethyl fumarate and identify factors influencing treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study involving all MS patients was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University from November 2022 to April 2023. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their treatment: those receiving teriflunomide and those on dimethyl fumarate. Data were collected using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 280 patients invited, 82 RRMS patients met the inclusion criteria, comprising 28 males and 54 females, with most participants over 40. Approximately 43.9% were treated with teriflunomide, whereas 56.1% received dimethyl fumarate. No statistically significant differences were found in the three health indicators assessed between the two treatment groups. Nonetheless, the descriptive analysis indicated that RRMS patients on dimethyl fumarate reported superior health outcomes to those on teriflunomide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study revealed that patients with RRMS in the dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide treatment groups reported low physical and mental HRQoL. While no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups, those receiving dimethyl fumarate indicated a better QoL than their counterparts on teriflunomide. Future research is necessary to identify specific gaps that could facilitate improvements in HRQoL among RRMS patients. Furthermore, the findings from this study may inform the development and implementation of targeted intervention programs aimed at enhancing HRQoL for RRMS patients within the Saudi population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_259_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T18:16:58Z","timestamp":1743013018000},"page":"821-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating the Impact of Teriflunomide and Dimethyl Fumarate on Quality of Life in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from Eastern Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dhafer","family":"Alshayban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foziah J.","family":"Al-Shamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Alamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Muazen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layan","family":"Alsulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Ashraful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bander","family":"Balkhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid S.","family":"AlHarkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8049-8","article-title":"Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Lazio region, Italy:Use of an algorithm based on health information systems","volume":"263","author":"Bargagli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R2-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Compston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide:Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"R4-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00201","article-title":"Commentary:Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"9","author":"Karikari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R5-20251015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology and phenotypes of multiple sclerosis in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region","author":"Yamout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"R6-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2018.14.3.359","article-title":"Clinical presentations and phenotypic spectrum of multiple sclerosis at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Nazish","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"R7-20251015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Familial aggregation of multiple sclerosis:Results from the national registry of the disease in Saudi Arabia","author":"AlJumah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"R8-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-1629-3","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia, a descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"AlJumah","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"R9-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2174\/157488710792007275","article-title":"Emerging therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Marriott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"key":"R10-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000036","article-title":"Assessing treatment response to interferon-\u03b2: Is there a role for MRI?","volume":"82","author":"Dobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R11-20251015","first-page":"524894","article-title":"Measuring the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis in clinical practice:A necessary challenge","volume":"2013","author":"Baumstarck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"R12-20251015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227573","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227573","article-title":"Health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia:A cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Alshayban","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R13-20251015","first-page":"16","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the the EuroQOL (EQ-5D). 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