{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:28:54Z","timestamp":1786649334169,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Sleep apnea in pediatric patients is recognized as a multifactorial condition influenced by craniofacial growth. This research was done to measure the relationship of sleep apnea with occlusal pattern, dental age, and parafunctional habits amongst kids in the age range of 6\u201314 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional observational research was done on 98 pediatric patients. Sleep apnea risk was screened using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire and confirmed, where feasible, with polysomnography, the gold-standard diagnostic method. Occlusal parameters were recorded clinically. Dental age was assessed using Demirjian\u2019s method. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall, 38.8% of children were identified as high-risk for sleep apnea. Considerable relations were found between sleep apnea and increased overjet. Children at high risk also demonstrated advanced dental age compared to unaffected peers (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Parafunctional habits such as bruxism, mouth breathing, and tongue thrusting were significantly more prevalent in the high-risk group (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Sleep apnea in children shows significant correlation with unfavourable occlusal traits, advanced dental maturation, and parafunctional habits. These findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary pediatric screening. Larger multicentric studies with radiographic airway assessment are recommended to strengthen causal inference.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_25_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:00:07Z","timestamp":1775797207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Sleep Apnea with Occlusal Pattern, Dental Age, and Parafunctional Habits in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Rishibha","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Tharwat","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushir","family":"Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munaz","family":"Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Babaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharavathi Dental College, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Saidath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Mujoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_25_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:52:37Z","timestamp":1786647157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_25_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_25_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}