{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:23:38Z","timestamp":1787840618880,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macular edema (ME) is a leading cause of visual impairment associated with various retinal pathologies. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provides high-resolution imaging, allowing detailed assessment of ME patterns and structural changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and characteristics of ME across different etiologies using SD-OCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional observational study included patients with ME from diverse etiologies. SD-OCT was used to assess central macular thickness, retinal volume, cystoid spaces (CS), epiretinal membrane (ERM), hyperreflective foci, and disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 54% of the study participants were female, with a mean age of 57 years. Diabetes mellitus (50.4%) was the most common etiology, followed by retinal vein occlusions, age-related macular degeneration, ERM, and inflammatory causes. CS were observed in 49.6% of cases, and DRIL in 48%. Severe visual impairment was more frequent in diabetic and vaso-occlusive cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SD-OCT effectively identifies structural patterns in ME across etiologies, assisting in diagnosis and management planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_263_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:00:44Z","timestamp":1756378844000},"page":"835-839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of Macular Edema Across Disease Spectra"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Renu","family":"Magdum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka Sangram","family":"Aher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Pancholi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surbhi","family":"Chodvadiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gufran Ali","family":"Kamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpit","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahan","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. 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