{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:21:30Z","timestamp":1787764890022,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Congenital distichiasis is a rare eyelid disorder typically associated with lymphedema\u2013distichiasis syndrome. However, isolated forms without systemic manifestations have also been recognized. This report presents a 28-year-old male with long-standing bilateral eye rubbing and recent unilateral visual blurring. Slit-lamp examination revealed distichiasis arising from meibomian gland orifices, more prominent in the left eye, without corneal involvement. A diagnosis of isolated congenital distichiasis was made. The patient underwent selective electroepilation with complete symptom relief and no recurrence at 3 months. This case underscores the phenotypic variability of congenital distichiasis and highlights the effectiveness of electroepilation as a safe, noninvasive first-line intervention in isolated cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_277_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:00:38Z","timestamp":1781532038000},"page":"980-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Congenital Distichiasis in a Young Male: A Rare Case without Systemic Association"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Renu","family":"Magdum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpit","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gufran Ali","family":"Kamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260803","first-page":"617","article-title":"Distichiasis: Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"94","author":"Putterman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20260803","first-page":"334","article-title":"Distichiasis","volume":"17","author":"Cibis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.11.1185","article-title":"Truncating mutations in FOXC2 cause multiple lymphedema syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Finegold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"R4-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.7.478","article-title":"Analysis of the phenotypic abnormalities in lymphoedema-distichiasis syndrome in 74 patients with FOXC2 mutations or linkage to 16q24","volume":"39","author":"Brice","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"R5-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390100528","article-title":"Analysis of lymphoedema-distichiasis families for FOXC2 mutations reveals small insertions and deletions throughout the gene","volume":"108","author":"Bell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R7-20260803","first-page":"123","article-title":"Isolated congenital distichiasis: A rare case series","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"R8-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-213651","article-title":"Lymphoedema-distichiasis syndrome","author":"Marques","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep 2016"},{"key":"R9-20260803","first-page":"523","article-title":"Treatment of distichiasis by selective electrolysis","volume":"103","author":"McDonnell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20260803","first-page":"2939","article-title":"Cryotherapy for congenital distichiasis","author":"Yeung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20260803","first-page":"402","article-title":"Surgical management of distichiasis","volume":"29","author":"Shams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R12-20260803","first-page":"140","article-title":"Modified tarsal strip excision for congenital distichiasis","volume":"33","author":"Kakizaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"R13-20260803","first-page":"4413","article-title":"Congenital distichiasis without corneal involvement: A report of two cases","volume":"15","author":"Sukhija","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20260803","first-page":"51","article-title":"Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome in Indian patients: A clinical and genetic report","volume":"53","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_277_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:50:27Z","timestamp":1787763027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_277_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_277_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}