{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:31Z","timestamp":1787169631942,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) differs in women and men with respect to risk factors, clinical presentation, complications and outcome. The major reason for the differences has been the effect of estrogen which protects women from coronary artery disease (CAD) till menopause. Women develop CAD one decade later than men. Hence, we compared the profile of ACS in postmenopausal women with age-matched men to see, does the difference still exist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Comparative prospective study of 50 postmenopausal women as study group and fifty age-matched men as a control group diagnosed with ACS, who were admitted in a medical college hospital from December 2013 to September 2015. Chi-square test and Student's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test have been used to find the significant association of study parameters between women and men.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chest pain was the main complaint in the majority of the women (76%) and men (88%). Radiation of chest pain (60%) and sweating (72%) were significantly present in men compared to women (24% and 26%, respectively), whereas breathlessness was significantly present in women (40%) compared to men (16%). Women had later presentation to the hospital after symptom onset compared to men. Women had a higher respiratory rate (22.02 cycles\/min) compared to men (20 cycles\/min) and more crepitations compared to men. Men had more ventricular tachycardia (14%) and intracerebral hemorrhage (4%), whereas women had all other complications more than or same as men and higher in-hospital mortality (14%) compared to men (8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postmenopausal women with ACS had more atypical presentation of symptoms, later presentation to hospital, more tachypnea, more crepitations, more complications, and higher in-hospital mortality compared to men of the same age group. The difference in the profile of ACS continues to exist even after menopause and age matching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_38_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T10:25:58Z","timestamp":1647599158000},"page":"8-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Study of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women and Age-Matched Men"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Kodliwadmath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhanu","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barun","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debopriyo","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashikantha","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20240831","first-page":"247","article-title":"Coronary artery disease in young \u2013 Risk factors and angiographic profile","volume":"42","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"R2-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.121402","article-title":"Persistence of delays in presentation and treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction: The GUSTO-I and GUSTO-III experience","volume":"39","author":"Gibler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R3-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.789800","article-title":"Sex differences in medical care and early death after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"118","author":"Jneid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R4-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2008.17.1.14","article-title":"Symptoms across the continuum of acute coronary syndromes: Differences between women and men","volume":"17","author":"DeVon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"R5-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.05.049","article-title":"Symptoms of men and women presenting with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"98","author":"Arslanian-Engoren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R6-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.06.004","article-title":"Gender differences in symptom experiences of patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"R7-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.02.023","article-title":"Sex, age, and clinical presentation of acute coronary syndromes","volume":"25","author":"Rosengren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R8-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.20.2484","article-title":"Sex differences in management and outcome after acute myocardial infarction in the 1990s: A prospective observational community-based study. Israeli Thrombolytic Survey Group","volume":"102","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R9-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410401","article-title":"Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Participants","volume":"341","author":"Vaccarino","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410402","article-title":"Sex, clinical presentation, and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries in acute coronary syndromes IIb investigators","volume":"341","author":"Hochman","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R11-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801013380102","article-title":"A comparison of the early outcome of acute myocardial infarction in women and men. The Third International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group","volume":"338","author":"Malacrida","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R12-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00107-1","article-title":"Outcome and profile of women and men presenting with acute coronary syndromes: A report from TIMI IIIB. TIMI investigators. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction","volume":"30","author":"Hochman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R13-2-20240831","first-page":"777","article-title":"Comparisons of characteristics and outcomes among women and men with acute myocardial infarction treatment and thrombolytic therapy","volume":"27","author":"Weaver","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R14-2-20240831","first-page":"67","article-title":"Study of acute myocardial infarction in women","volume":"39","author":"Bhat","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Assoc Physc India"},{"key":"R15-2-20240831","first-page":"359","article-title":"Clinical profile of myocardial infarction in Indian women","volume":"40","author":"Yavagal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"R16-2-20240831","first-page":"57","article-title":"Risk factors of myocardial infarction in Indian women","volume":"39","author":"Chatterjee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"R17-2-20240831","first-page":"48","article-title":"Coronary heart disease in women-with special reference to young women","volume":"32","author":"Babu","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"key":"R18-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv320","article-title":"2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"37","author":"Roffi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R19-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012161","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012161","article-title":"Sex differences persist in time to presentation, revascularization, and mortality in myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"8","author":"Stehli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"R20-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020211","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020211","article-title":"Gender disparities in first medical contact and delay in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A prospective multicentre Swedish survey study","volume":"8","author":"Sederholm Lawesson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R21-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.54.12.912","article-title":"Sex differences in risk factors, treatment and mortality after acute myocardial infarction: An observational study","volume":"54","author":"Hanratty","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"R22-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.09.023","article-title":"Gender differences in risk factors for coronary heart disease","volume":"65","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"R23-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015137","article-title":"Sex-related differences in eligibility for reperfusion therapy and in-hospital outcome after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"18","author":"Cariou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R24-2-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037655","article-title":"Sex differences in in-hospital management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome-findings from the CCC project","volume":"139","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_38_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:08:52Z","timestamp":1787166532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_38_20"}},"subtitle":["A Prospective Cohort Study in Southern India"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_38_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}