{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:30:13Z","timestamp":1786649413042,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Stargardt disease (SD) is a common inherited macular dystrophy. It exhibits a high degree of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Yellow-white flecks are often found in the posterior pole in the early stages of the disease with a reduction in central vision from foveal atrophy as it progresses. A characteristic dark choroid appearance is seen on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in many cases, with occasional reports of choroidal neovascular membranes. We report a series of four Nigerian patients, with varied presentations diagnosed with SD in our facility. One patient had good vision, while the other three had variable degrees of reduced vision. All patients had macular atrophy and flecks, while three patients had a dark choroid appearance on FFA and one patient developed a choroidal neovascular membrane in one eye.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_40_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:00:39Z","timestamp":1723604439000},"page":"723-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Presentation and Clinical Features of Stargardt Disease in a Series of Nigerian Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Olufemi","family":"Oderinlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyin","family":"Akanbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Unit, Eye Foundation Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.12.009","article-title":"The natural history of the progression of atrophy secondary to stargardt disease (ProgStar) studies: Design and baseline characteristics: ProgStar report no. 1","volume":"123","author":"Strauss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R2-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.9.641","article-title":"The genetics of inherited macular dystrophies","volume":"40","author":"Michaelides","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"R3-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2013.825286","article-title":"Stargardt-fundus flavimaculatus: Recent advancements and treatment","volume":"28","author":"Haji Abdollahi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308823","article-title":"Stargardt disease: Clinical features, molecular genetics, animal models and therapeutic options","volume":"101","author":"Tanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.012","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characteristics of childhood-onset Stargardt disease","volume":"122","author":"Fujinami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2023.05.008","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas9 in hiPSCs: A new era in personalized treatment for Stargardt disease","volume":"32","author":"Kuntam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"R8-20260427","first-page":"38.","article-title":"ALK-001 (C20-D3-Vitamin A) slows the growth of atrophic lesions in ABCA4 related Stargardt disease: Results of a phase 2 placebo-controlled clinical trial (TEASE study)","volume":"63","author":"Scholl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S226595","article-title":"Monitoring and management of the patient with Stargardt disease","volume":"11","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Optom (Auckl)"},{"key":"R10-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.4.504","article-title":"Variation of clinical expression in patients with Stargardt dystrophy and sequence variations in the ABCR gene","volume":"117","author":"Fishman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.032","article-title":"Early-onset Stargardt disease: Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics","volume":"122","author":"Lambertus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R12-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1976.03910040721003","article-title":"Fundus flavimaculatus. 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