{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:32:30Z","timestamp":1787776350336,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective is to investigate the timing of pubertal onset as determined by the development of secondary sexual characteristics in relation to body weight and dietary patterns among Saudi females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children\/adolescents visiting general and endocrinology pediatric clinics in King AbdulAziz University Hospital were invited to participate in this study. Female subjects between the ages of 5 and 20 years were included in this study, and those with syndromic disease, chronic comorbidities, endocrinopathies, organic causes of precocious puberty, positive family history of early pubertal onset, and under chronic medication were excluded from the study. Data were collected through clinical interviews with the consent of the legal guardians, and physical examinations were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 164 females were investigated. The mean age of thelarche, adrenarche, and menarche was 10, 11.3, and 12.2 years, respectively. We found a significant correlation between higher weight standard deviation and an earlier age of both thelarche and adrenarche. In addition, daily consumption of fast foods was significantly associated with an earlier menarchal age. Consumption of nonorganic poultry was linked to early thelarche.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efforts should be directed to increase public and community awareness that fast food consumption, inorganic poultry, and higher body weight are important modifiable factors that lead to an earlier onset of female puberty across different parameters: breast development, adrenarche, and menstruation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_41_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T16:13:53Z","timestamp":1725120833000},"page":"193-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Relationship between Body Weight and Dietary Habits with Respect to the Timing of Puberty among Saudi Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mashael AbdulAziz","family":"Shahatah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Ibn Sina National College, College of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa Mubarak","family":"Jadkarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Ibn Sina National College, College of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revan Zeiny","family":"Banjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Ibn Sina National College, College of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousof O.","family":"Kabli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa A.","family":"Milyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmoein E.","family":"Al-Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2001.0176","article-title":"Regulation of puberty","volume":"16","author":"Delemarre-van de Waal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R2-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00147","article-title":"Review of the literature on current changes in the timing of pubertal development and the incomplete forms of early puberty","volume":"7","author":"Farello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R3-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/243095a0","article-title":"Trend towards earlier menarche in London, Oslo, Copenhagen, the Netherlands and Hungary","volume":"243","author":"Tanner","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R4-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S172","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813D","article-title":"Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends: Panel findings","volume":"121","author":"Euling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R6-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7067292","article-title":"The influence of obesity on puberty and insulin resistance in Mexican children","author":"Cardenas-Vargas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R7-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1376-4","article-title":"Puberty timing associated with obesity and central obesity in Chinese Han girls","volume":"19","author":"Lian","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"R8-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes.2017.26.4.243","article-title":"Growth and puberty in obese children and implications of body composition","volume":"26","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"R9-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R10-20250528","article-title":"WHO | Overweight and obesity","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"R11-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2267","article-title":"Puberty and influencing factors in schoolgirls living in Istanbul: End of the secular trend?","volume":"128","author":"Atay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R12-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010001461","article-title":"Diet throughout childhood and age at menarche in a contemporary cohort of British girls","volume":"13","author":"Rogers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"R13-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.4.505","article-title":"Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: A study from the pediatric research in office settings network","volume":"99","author":"Herman-Giddens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R14-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000242949.02373.09","article-title":"Pubertal development in girls: Secular trends","volume":"18","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R16-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R17-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0659-0","article-title":"Overweight and lower age at menarche: Evidence from the Italian HBSC cross-sectional survey","volume":"18","author":"Lazzeri","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"R18-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-3988(10)60027-X","article-title":"Waist circumference reference values for screening cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years","volume":"23","author":"Sheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"R19-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.018","article-title":"Lessons from large population studies on timing and tempo of puberty (secular trends and relation to body size): The European trend","volume":"254-255","author":"Ong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"R20-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101266","article-title":"Association between obesity and puberty timing: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R21-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2016.49.9.141","article-title":"Extra-gonadal sites of estrogen biosynthesis and function","volume":"49","author":"Barakat","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"R22-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30306-7","article-title":"Is there a causal relationship between obesity and puberty?","volume":"3","author":"Reinehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"R23-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2006.11.001","article-title":"Detrimental psychological outcomes associated with early pubertal timing in adolescent girls","volume":"27","author":"Mendle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"key":"R24-20250528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2012.9.1.25","article-title":"Psychosocial aspects in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_41_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:08:19Z","timestamp":1787774899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_41_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_41_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}