{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:37:43Z","timestamp":1790095063797,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extra-articular distal humerus fractures account for approximately 16% of all humerus fractures and 3% of adult fractures. These injuries pose significant treatment challenges due to the complex three-dimensional anatomy and the biomechanical demands placed on the distal humerus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of extra-articular distal humerus fractures treated with locking compression plates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective study was conducted on 90 patients with extra-articular distal humerus fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using an extra-articular distal humerus plate (EADHP) between June 2020 and March 2023. Patients were followed for an average of 7 months. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), Anderson criteria, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean patient age was 45.2 years, with a male predominance (71.7%). Road traffic accidents were the most common cause (81.3%). The average time to fracture union was 10 weeks. The mean MEPS was 84, and the mean DASH score was 15.6. According to the Anderson criteria, 84.4% achieved excellent results and 15.6% achieved good results. Complications included elbow stiffness (12.5%), hardware prominence (6.2%), ulnar neuropraxia (6.2%), infection (3.1%), and heterotopic ossification (3.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EADHP locking compression plate provides excellent stability for extra-articular distal humerus fractures, enabling early mobilization and favorable functional recovery. Its stable construct reduces the risk of implant failure and nonunion, making it a reliable option for these challenging fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_432_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:00:20Z","timestamp":1767189620000},"page":"1518-1521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Clinical and Functional Outcome of Extra-articular Distal Humerus Fracture Treated with Locking Compression Plate"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ketan","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Salunkhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishan","family":"Mahida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urva","family":"Dholu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B11.17634","article-title":"Fractures of the shaft of the humerus. An epidemiological study of 401 fractures","volume":"88","author":"Ekholm","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R2-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195537040-00002","article-title":"Fractures of the humerus; a comparative study in methods of treatment","volume":"37-A","author":"Stewart","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R3-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2312570","article-title":"Functional bracing for comminuted extra-articular fractures of the distal third of the humerus","volume":"72","author":"Sarmiento","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R4-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200611000-00004","article-title":"Extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. A comparison of functional bracing and plate fixation","volume":"88","author":"Jawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R5-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(10)80002-3","article-title":"A comparison of double-plate fixation methods for complex distal humerus fractures","volume":"4","author":"Self","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R6-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198812000-00001","article-title":"Supracondylar fractures of the humerus \u2013 Results of surgical treatment","volume":"28","author":"Waddell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R7-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.11.007","article-title":"Treatment of distal diaphyseal humerus fractures","volume":"35","author":"Jawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"R8-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32279-3","article-title":"Intra-articular distal humeral fractures in adults","volume":"18","author":"Henley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"R9-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567020-00008","article-title":"Intercondylar fractures of the humerus. An operative approach","volume":"67","author":"Jupiter","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R10-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198904000-00031","article-title":"Intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus. Surgical treatment and results","volume":"241","author":"Letsch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R11-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200012000-00003","article-title":"Functional outcome following surgical treatment of intra-articular distal humeral fractures through a posterior approach","volume":"82","author":"McKee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R12-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.12.002","article-title":"Distal humerus fractures","volume":"39","author":"Pollock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"R13-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198601000-00026","article-title":"Comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal humeral condyles. Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment","volume":"202","author":"Zagorski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R14-20260922","first-page":"21","article-title":"Functional results of the parallel-plate technique for complex distal humerus fractures","volume":"43","author":"Atalar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"R15-20260922","first-page":"961","article-title":"Complex distal humeral fractures: Internal fixation with a principle-based parallel-plate technique","volume":"89","author":"Sanchez-Sotelo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R16-20260922","first-page":"21","article-title":"Functional results of the parallel-plate technique for complex distal humerus fractures","volume":"43","author":"Atalar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_432_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:00:53Z","timestamp":1790064053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_432_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_432_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}