{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:14:01Z","timestamp":1784787241881,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Global incidence of diabetes, and in India, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise. Diabetic microvascular complications if detected early can be treated to decrease the mortality and morbidity of diabetes. Hence, this study of the fibrinogen\u2013albumin ratio (FAR) ratio and urinary sediments as the possible markers of early diabetic microvascular complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim of Study:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to study the FAR ratio and urinary sediments in type 2 diabetic patients and correlate with microvascular complications, namely nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted on 120 type 2 diabetic patients. Fasting and postprandial blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), renal function tests, liver function tests, including serum albumin and plasma fibrinogen, were measured. FAR was calculated as fibrinogen (mg\/dL)\/albumin (g\/dL). Both urine microscopy and an automated urinary sediment analyzer performed urinary sediment analysis. Fundoscopy was performed for retinopathy assessment, urinary albumin\u2013creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate for nephropathy, and nerve conduction velocity for neuropathy. Data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests, with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean HbA1c was 8.38% \u00b12.47%, reflecting poor glycemic control. Mean serum albumin was 3.60 \u00b1 0.75 g\/dL and mean FAR was 100.15% \u00b132.88. 75% of patients had FAR >75.4. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 27.5% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 33), nephropathy in 35.8% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 43), and neuropathy in 4.2% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5). FAR was significantly associated with nephropathy (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.031) and showed a directional trend with retinopathy across tertiles (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.104). Of the urinary sediments, squamous epithelial cells were significantly associated with retinopathy (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.016) and nephropathy (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Cast type distribution was significantly associated with nephropathy (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003) and pathological casts with neuropathy (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.042).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_471_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:00:22Z","timestamp":1784786422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of \u201cFibrinogen\u2013Albumin Ratio\u201d and Urinary Sediments as Biomarkers of Diabetic Microvascular Complications"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Avuthu","family":"Hemanjali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijayashree S.","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangram","family":"Mangudkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satbir Kaur","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_471_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:00:22Z","timestamp":1784786422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_471_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_471_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}