{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:37:23Z","timestamp":1786117043262,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Post-tuberculosis (TB) lung disease is a major cause of long-term respiratory morbidity despite microbiological cure. Smoking may exert an additional detrimental effect on pulmonary function and exercise capacity in these patients; however, comparative data between smokers and nonsmokers remain limited. The study aimed to evaluate and compare pulmonary function and exercise capacity among pulmonary TB sequelae patients between smokers and nonsmokers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India, from June 2024 to November 2025. A total of 110 post-TB patients (55 smokers and 55 nonsmokers) were included. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Human Ethics Committee (IEC No. 994\/24; dated April 22, 2024), and written informed consent was obtained. Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]), and functional capacity was evaluated using the 6-min walk test and Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29, with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The majority of participants were aged 40\u201360 years, with no significant age difference between the groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.593). Smokers were predominantly male (87.3%) compared to nonsmokers (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Underweight status was more common among smokers (23.6% vs. 9.1%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.019). Smokers demonstrated significantly lower FEV\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.027), FEV\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n % predicted (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), FEV\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \/FVC ratio (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.009), and PEFR (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Obstructive ventilatory defects were more common among smokers (43.6% vs. 23.6%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.028). Six-minute walk distance was significantly lower in smokers (398.2 \u00b1 63.0 m) compared to nonsmokers (441.6 \u00b1 58.5 m) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and Borg dyspnea scores were significantly higher (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Smoking significantly worsens pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with post-TB sequelae, acting as an additive risk factor for long-term respiratory impairment. Integration of smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation into post-TB care is essential.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_481_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T13:05:27Z","timestamp":1786021527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Cross-sectional Study Comparing Pulmonary Function and Exercise Capacity in Posttuberculosis Sequelae Patients among Smokers and Nonsmokers"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Shreya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Jereen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Arthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Roshan Prasanth","family":"Durairaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_481_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T13:05:27Z","timestamp":1786021527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_481_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_481_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}