{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:59:23Z","timestamp":1790067563792,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome frequently presents with Vitamin D deficiency due to urinary losses of Vitamin D-binding protein. The relationship between Vitamin D status and clinical outcomes remains incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate Vitamin D status in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and assess its association with remission time and relapse patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective observational study (October 2022-March 2024) included 60 children aged 1\u201314 years with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome at a tertiary care center in North India. The study involved 60 patients divided into supplemented (Group I,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 30) and control (Group II,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 30) groups. Vitamin D levels were measured at presentation, after 1 month, and at relapse events. Primary outcomes included baseline Vitamin D status, time to remission, and 6-month relapse rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All participants demonstrated Vitamin D deficiency (51.7%) or insufficiency (48.3%) at presentation. Children with relapses had significantly lower baseline Vitamin D levels compared to those with initial episodes (8.76 \u00b1 2.75 vs. 15.78 \u00b1 2.04 ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Despite this association, time to remission was similar between groups with adequate versus inadequate Vitamin D status (11.60\u00b13.2 vs 11.93 \u00b1 3.4 days,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.994). Six-month relapse rates showed no significant correlation with baseline Vitamin D levels (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.18,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is universal in pediatric nephrotic syndrome, with lower levels observed in relapsing disease. However, Vitamin D status does not appear to significantly influence time to remission or short-term relapse patterns, suggesting its role may be primarily nutritional rather than therapeutic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_530_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T15:00:34Z","timestamp":1764082834000},"page":"1678-1682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D Status and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study from North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Muniba","family":"Alim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dushyant","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand Singh","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05739-3","article-title":"IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Trautmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R2-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2009.10.001","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in children","volume":"20","author":"Lennon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R3-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3677-5","article-title":"Immunology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Colucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R4-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","article-title":"KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases","volume":"100","author":"Rovin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R5-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04519-1","article-title":"IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Trautmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R6-20260922","first-page":"103","article-title":"Calcium and Vitamin D metabolism in pediatric nephrotic syndrome; an update on the existing literature","volume":"3","author":"Esmaeeili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"R7-20260922","first-page":"13","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D: a review","author":"Skrobot","year":"1108","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol 2018"},{"key":"R8-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111656","article-title":"Vitamin D: Nutrient, hormone, and immunomodulator","volume":"10","author":"Sassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R9-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27700","article-title":"The impact of genetic variants related to Vitamin D and autoimmunity: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Trefilio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"(suppl_1)","key":"R10-20260922","first-page":"hcy200.170","article-title":"Vitamin D status in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Hussein","year":"2018","journal-title":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"R11-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3236-x","article-title":"Vitamin D in incident nephrotic syndrome: A midwest pediatric nephrology consortium study","volume":"31","author":"Selewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R12-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/ajpn.ajpn_34_21","article-title":"Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome: Revised guidelines","volume":"4","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R13-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.389421","article-title":"Severity of Vitamin D deficiency in children with nephrotic syndrome: A study from tertiary care center in Northern India","volume":"33","author":"Maji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"R14-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00380116","article-title":"Ethnic differences in incidence and outcomes of childhood nephrotic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Banh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R15-20260922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3716-2","article-title":"The effect of Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_530_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:00:51Z","timestamp":1790064051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_530_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_530_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-15","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}