{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:48:45Z","timestamp":1787071725998,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the long-term effects of probiotic use are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term probiotics supplementation on kidney function, inflammatory markers, and metabolic parameters in CKD patients with or without hemodialysis (HD).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective study included two groups: 70 CKD patients on HD and 124 stage IIIb-V CKD patients not on HD, with half of these patients in both the groups receiving probiotics, in addition to standard of care (SOC,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 35 and\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 62, respectively), whereas another half received only SOC (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 35 and\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 62, respectively). Kidney function (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum uric acid), systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), metabolic parameters (serum calcium, serum phosphate, and intact parathyroid hormone), and nutritional state (total iron binding capacity and serum albumin) were evaluated at 3-, 6-, and 12-months of treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n At 12 months, the non-HD group that received SOC + probiotics had a significant improvement in all the parameters evaluated (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001), whereas those that received only SOC had a significant reduction in serum phosphate, serum uric acid, and hs-CRP (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). In the HD group, over 12 months, there was a significant reduction in only hs-CRP (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.034) in the SOC + Probiotics subgroup. The non-HD group had a significantly greater change in all the parameters assessed relative to HD group (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), except serum calcium (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.408).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Long-term probiotic use leads to significant improvement among non-HD CKD patients relative to CKD patients on HD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_560_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T17:00:37Z","timestamp":1764954037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Probiotic Supplementation on Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comparative Study of Dialysis and Nondialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Manjuri","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prodip Kumar","family":"Doley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayatri Kumar","family":"Pegu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_560_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:52:30Z","timestamp":1787068350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_560_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_560_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}