{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:21:20Z","timestamp":1788355280717,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and nonmotor deficits. Emerging evidence suggests a role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in neurodegeneration, making it a potential therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of RAS-modulating drugs such as captopril, perindopril, and losartan in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced model of PD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n An experimental\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n study was conducted using Swiss albino mice (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 6 per group). Parkinsonism was induced using MPTP (25 mg\/kg). Animals were divided into six groups: vehicle control, negative control, standard control (levodopa + benserazide), and three treatment groups receiving captopril (20 mg\/kg), perindopril (5 mg\/kg), and losartan (90 mg\/kg). Behavioral assessments included actophotometer, rotarod, grip strength, hole board, tail suspension, forced swim, and elevated plus maze tests. Data were expressed as mean \u00b1 standard deviation and analyzed using analysis of variance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n MPTP significantly impaired motor and behavioral parameters, as evidenced by reduced locomotor activity (21.17 \u00b1 2.70 vs. 286.50 \u00b1 8.77), decreased rotarod performance, and increased immobility time in depression models. Treatment with RAS modulators significantly improved these parameters (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Losartan (274.67 \u00b1 11.15) and captopril (267.33 \u00b1 16.01) showed greater improvement in locomotor activity compared to perindopril. Similarly, all treatments reduced immobility time and improved anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n RAS modulators demonstrated significant neurobehavioral protection in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism, suggesting their potential as adjunct therapeutic agents in PD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_604_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:00:24Z","timestamp":1788354024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurobehavioral Evaluation of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in an MPTP-Induced Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Swiss Albino Mice"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"K.G.","family":"Prakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Saniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Jaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhavrao","family":"Chavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Mythili","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Mantri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Sai Tirupati University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_604_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:00:24Z","timestamp":1788354024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_604_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_604_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-11","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}