{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:21:58Z","timestamp":1787764918459,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease with high morbidity, significantly affecting quality of life. It has high prevalence in developing countries and is broadly categorized into pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. The axillary lymph nodes are affected in around 3% of tuberculous lymphadenitis. However, isolated axillary TB lymphadenitis (without TB at other sites) is even rarer. It sometimes creates diagnostic difficulty, particularly in female patients, as even though the possibility of breast cancer presenting with only enlarged axillary lymph nodes (Occult Breast Cancer) is extremely rare (0.3%\u20130.8%), the possibility of other pathologies such as lymphoma, fungal infections, and sarcoidosis need to be ruled out. It is more common in females compared to males, and it commonly involves the left side. Chest X-ray and ultrasound, followed by computer tomography of the Chest and Axilla are useful primary investigations for the diagnosis. Excision Biopsy and Histopathological examination of the lymph node are the confirmatory tests. We hereby report a case of isolated axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis in a 66-year-old immunocompetent female.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_647_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:00:09Z","timestamp":1771912809000},"page":"S203-S206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unusual Presentation of Tuberculosis: Diagnostic Challenges in Isolated Axillary Tuberculous Lymphadenitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pronoti Rajagonda","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshi Bharat","family":"Chelani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260819","first-page":"9016517","article-title":"CT findings of axillary tuberculosis lymphadenitis: A case detected by breast cancer screening examination","author":"Shojaku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Radiol 2016"},{"key":"R2-20260819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4102\/sajr.v16i3.292","article-title":"Unilateral axillary adenopathy with unremarkable breast imaging \u2013 Differential diagnoses","volume":"16","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"South Afr J Radiol"},{"key":"R4-20260819","first-page":"2","article-title":"Tuberculous axillary lymphadenopathy: A case report","volume":"1","author":"Nwagbara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trop Dis"},{"key":"R5-20260819","first-page":"188","article-title":"Clinical case of the month: axillary lymph node tuberculosis\u2014an unusual presentation","volume":"62","author":"Jerbi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Med Liege"},{"key":"R6-20260819","first-page":"158","article-title":"Pathology of lymph node tuberculosis in Yaounde: Diagnostic agreement based on the Kappa coefficient","volume":"30","author":"Nkodo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"R7-20260819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrid.2016.06.002","article-title":"Tuberculous lymphadenitis in the left axillary misdiagnosed as metastasis: A case report and review of literature","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-20260819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2018.07.014","article-title":"Reactivation tuberculosis presenting with unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"R9-20260819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.4103\/NJM.NJM_162_20","article-title":"A case of isolated axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis","volume":"29","author":"Jayabal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"R10-20260819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082015RC2963","article-title":"Tuberculosis axillary lymph node coexistent breast cancer in adjuvant treatment: Case report","volume":"13","author":"Bromberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"R11-20260819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2012.0021","article-title":"Isolated axillary lymph node tuberculosis in ultrasonography. A case report","volume":"12","author":"\u015acieszka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ultrason"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_647_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:50:53Z","timestamp":1787763053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_647_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_647_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}