{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:03:12Z","timestamp":1790751792535,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exists as both viruses have the common routes of transmission. HIV infection has adverse effect on the natural history of HCV infection; however, the effect of HCV infection on the natural history of HIV infection is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was cross-sectional comprising of treatment-na\u00efve adult HIV-infected patients attending clinics at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto and Specialist Hospital Sokoto. The study participants were screened for HCV anti]body and assayed for transaminases and CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T-lymphocytes count levels. The symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses were asked among the study participants. The questionnaire was used for the collection of data, and SPSS software version 20 was used for the analysis of data. Student's\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests, Pearson\u2019s, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used for the statistical analysis, and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of HIV\/HCV co-infection was 20.6%. Self-intravenous drugs usage was not statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.210). HIV mono-infected patients had significantly lower alanine aminotransferase levels compared to HIV\/HCV co-infected study participants (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.048). AIDS status at the baseline was comparable between HIV mono-infected and HIV\/HCV co-infected study participants. (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.227; 0.200; 0.130).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Moderately high prevalence of HIV\/HCV co-infection was observed in the current study. HCV co-infection had no effect on AIDS status at baseline. There is a need for routine screening of HCV infection in HIV-infected individuals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_65_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T12:49:36Z","timestamp":1716382176000},"page":"297-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients and Effect of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cases at Baseline"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Abdulmumini","family":"Yakubu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bello","family":"Hali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar Sadiq","family":"Maiyaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl-2016-0118","article-title":"Natural history of HCV infection: What is the public health impact of untreated disease?","volume":"12","author":"Mondelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"key":"R2-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i17.2436","article-title":"Epidemiology of viral hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Alter","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R4-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15S","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260703","article-title":"Hepatitis C: The clinical spectrum of disease","volume":"26","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R5-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-6-443","article-title":"High rate of infectivity and liver disease in blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis C virus","volume":"115","author":"Esteban","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R8-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.2174\/157016210791111070","article-title":"Hepatitis C infection on immune recovery in HIV-positive patients on successful HAART: The role of genotype 3","volume":"8","author":"Seminari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"R9-9-20240831","first-page":"5","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection among children in enugu, Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Eze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-9-20240831","first-page":"100","article-title":"HIV, hepatitis B and C viruses\u2019 coinfection among patients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital","volume":"12","author":"Balogun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"R11-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000025","article-title":"The role of triple infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 on CD4+ lymphocyte levels in the highly HIV infected population of North Central Nigeria","volume":"102","author":"Forbi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"R12-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27740","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.27740v2","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of HCV\/HIV co-infection and HCV genotype distribution in North-Eastern Poland","volume":"15","author":"Grzeszczuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R13-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.06.010","article-title":"All-cause and liver-related mortality in HIV positive subjects compared to the general population: Differences by HCV co-infection","volume":"57","author":"Hernando","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R15-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0150512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150512","article-title":"Hepatitis B and C Co-infection in HIV patients from the TREAT Asia HIV observational database: Analysis of risk factors and survival","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R16-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2089-7","article-title":"HCV co-infection and markers of liver injury and fibrosis among HIV-positive childbearing women in Ukraine: Results from a cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Bailey","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-9-20240831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1086\/644771","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Increased mortality associated with HCV in HIV-infected persons is not related to HIV disease progression","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_65_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:35:10Z","timestamp":1787769310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_65_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_65_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}