{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T08:45:24Z","timestamp":1791794724270,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Mandibular retrognathism is commonly managed during growth modification using functional appliances. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows accurate evaluation of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. This study compared the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) alterations in growing patients after receiving twin block and fixed functional appliance therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty participants, aged 11\u201315 years, diagnosed with Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism were included in this comparative clinical investigation. Two groups of patients were split equally as twin block and fixed functional appliance therapy groups. CBCT evaluations were performed at baseline (T0) and posttreatment (T1). Skeletal, dentoalveolar, and TMJ parameters were assessed and compared between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Skeletal analysis showed significantly greater mandibular advancement in the twin block group, with increased SNB and Co\u2013Gn measurements. There was a greater reduction in ANB angle compared to the fixed functional group, indicating superior orthopedic effects. Dentoalveolar changes revealed controlled maxillary incisor retroclination in both the groups. However, mandibular incisor proclination (IMPA) was significantly higher in the fixed functional group. TMJ evaluation demonstrated adaptive remodeling in both the groups, with the twin block appliance showing more favorable anterior and posterior joint space changes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Both twin block and fixed functional appliances are efficient in treating Class II malocclusion in growing patients. Twin block therapy produces more favorable skeletal advancement and TMJ remodeling, whereas fixed functional appliances rely more on dentoalveolar corrections.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_719_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T08:00:10Z","timestamp":1791792010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cone-beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Alteration Following Twin Block versus Fixed Functional Appliance in Mandibular Advancement"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Omar Khalfan Saeed Alkindi","family":"Alsuwaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Emirates Health Services Establishment, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Lavania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Lavania Smile Dental (NIMS Dental College), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujit","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Rama University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. C. Ramesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, HKDET Dental College, Humnabad, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intern, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Chandrashekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Nanaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murali Patla Shivarama","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_719_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T08:00:11Z","timestamp":1791792011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_719_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_719_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}