{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:21:57Z","timestamp":1787775717094,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The foramen transversarium is a vital anatomical structure found in the cervical vertebrae of the spine. Typically, it serves as a passageway for important neurovascular structures, including the vertebral artery and vein, as well as the vertebral nerve. However, abnormal calcification or ossification of soft tissues in and around this area can lead to various clinical implications. Understanding the presence and implications of abnormal ossified structures in and around the foramen transversarium is crucial for clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of cervical spine disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accordingly, this present study was designed to evaluate the abnormal ossified structures anatomically and radiologically within and around the foramen transversarium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted on 182 (26 sets of cervical vertebrae) dried human cervical vertebrae obtained from the respective departments of anatomy and on 190 (95 males and 95 females) adult patients who visited the radiology department for neck-related problems such as stiff neck, neck\/shoulder pain, dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, visual disturbances, and cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 182 examined cervical vertebrae, unilateral complete accessory foramen transversarium was found in 23 vertebrae (12.63%), bilateral complete in 19 (10.44%), bilateral incomplete in 6 (3.29%), unilateral complete double in 4 (2.19%), and unilateral complete absence of foramen transversarium in 3 (1.64%). Stenosis due to aberrant osteophytes was noted in 9 vertebrae (4.9%). Out of 190 patients, three males presented with cervical kyphosis, severe spinal canal stenosis, and spinal cord compression due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and osteophyte complexes at C3\u2013C6, with the most significant compression at C5\u2013C6.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A thorough understanding of abnormal ossifications in and around the foramen transversarium is crucial for the management of cervical spine disorders; imaging modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are crucial for recognizing and intervening in these cases, which is essential to prevent adverse neurological outcomes associated with vertebral artery involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_73_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:01:02Z","timestamp":1723604462000},"page":"641-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anatomical and Radiological Findings of Abnormal Calcified Structures within and around the Foramen Transversarium and Its Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kosuri Kalyan","family":"Chakravarthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venumadhav","family":"Nelluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepthynadh","family":"Reghunadhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raju","family":"Sugavasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000147702","article-title":"Absence of foramen transversarium in the human atlas vertebra: A case report","volume":"152","author":"Vasudeva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"key":"R2-20260427","first-page":"28","article-title":"Bilateral absence of foramen transversarium in atlas vertebra: A case report","volume":"8","author":"Satheesha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroanatomy"},{"key":"R3-20260427","first-page":"384","article-title":"Accessory transverse foramina in the cervical spine: Incidence, embryological basis, morphology and surgical importance","volume":"21","author":"Murlimanju","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"R4-20260427","first-page":"103","article-title":"Double foramen transversarium in cervical vertebra: Morphology and clinical importance","volume":"2","author":"Chandravadiya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Res Med"},{"key":"R5-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1703711","article-title":"Study of accessory foramen transversaria in cervical vertebrae","volume":"3","author":"Rathnakar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Health Allied Sci NU"},{"key":"R6-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-4025.297367","article-title":"A study on variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae","volume":"3","author":"Murugan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Natl J Clin Anat"},{"key":"R7-20260427","first-page":"21","article-title":"Study of accessory foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae","volume":"3","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"GCSMC J Med Sci"},{"key":"R8-20260427","first-page":"59","article-title":"A study of double foramen transversarium in dried cervical vertebra","volume":"4","author":"Katikireddi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci Res"},{"key":"R9-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20150418","article-title":"A morphometric study of foramen transversarium of dried cervical vertebrae","volume":"3","author":"Akhtar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"R10-20260427","first-page":"27","article-title":"A study of accessory foramen transversarium in dry cervical vertebrae and its clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Gujar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl J Integr Res Med"},{"key":"R11-20260427","first-page":"1370","article-title":"Study of accessory foramina transversaria in cervical vertebrae and their surgical and morphological importance","volume":"7","author":"Nayak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci"},{"key":"R12-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8145","DOI":"10.16965\/ijar.2021.171","article-title":"An osteological study of anatomical variations of foramen of cervical vertebrae and its clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"Shivaleela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Anat Res"},{"key":"R13-20260427","first-page":"922","article-title":"Abnormal bone outgrowths and osseous structures around the foramen ovale may leads to mandibular compression or entrapment neuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Chakravarthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Bioassays"},{"key":"R14-20260427","first-page":"C04","article-title":"Ossified ligamentum longitudinale anterius in adult human dry vertebrae","volume":"8","author":"Kosuri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R15-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.12.167","article-title":"Bow hunter\u2019s syndrome by nondominant vertebral artery compression: A case report, literature review, and significance of downbeat nystagmus as the diagnostic clue","volume":"111","author":"Iida","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R16-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799.E1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.06.022","article-title":"Rare case of bilateral vertebral artery stenosis caused by C4-5 spondylotic changes manifesting with bilateral bow hunter\u2019s syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Fleming","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R17-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.SPINE08689","article-title":"Positional vertebral artery compression and vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to a herniated cervical disc","volume":"11","author":"Ujifuku","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"R18-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200405010-00011","article-title":"High body mass index after age 20 and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine in Japanese subjects: A case-control study in multiple hospitals","volume":"29","author":"Kobashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R19-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.90.405","article-title":"Genomic study of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"90","author":"Ikegawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci"},{"key":"R20-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198404000-00010","article-title":"Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine","volume":"184","author":"Tsuyama","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R21-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101525.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2023.101525","article-title":"Vertebral artery stenosis from osteophyte: A systematic review and case series","volume":"70","author":"Ndongo Sonfack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_73_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:40:20Z","timestamp":1787773220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_73_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_73_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}