{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:35Z","timestamp":1787775755446,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunomodulators are foundational in managing connective tissue disorders connective tissue disorders (CTDs) but can produce significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that might affect adherence and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 6 months at AIIMS Nagpur among adults with CTDs receiving immunomodulators for &gt;1 month. Standard causality (World Health Organization\/Uppsala Monitoring Center [WHO-UMC], Naranjo), severity (Hartwig\u2013Siegel), and preventability (Schumock\u2013Thornton) scales were applied and associations were assessed using the Chi-square test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 105 patients (mean age 42.68 \u00b1 15.55 years; 76.2% female), 19 ADRs were identified. Drugs most implicated included prednisolone, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine, with typical events such as central serous retinopathy, hypertension, oral ulcers, and rashes. Causality was mostly probable by WHO-UMC (71.4%) and Naranjo (57.9%); severity was mild-to-moderate (89.5%); preventability was mostly probable (84.2%); no life-threatening outcomes occurred, and 73.7% recovered fully by last follow-up. No significant associations were found between ADR occurrence and sex, age group, or comorbidity status (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In CTDs, immunomodulator-related ADRs were predominantly probable, mild-to-moderate, and largely preventable. Routine monitoring and patient counseling can reduce avoidable harm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_859_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:01:19Z","timestamp":1772625679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimation and Characterization of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Immunomodulators in Connective Tissue Disorders: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Chaitali A","family":"Chindhalore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjaya","family":"Dhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh N","family":"Dakhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhilasha A","family":"Manwatkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_859_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:41:14Z","timestamp":1787773274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aam.aam_859_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_859_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519","0975-5764"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1596-3519","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-5764","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}