{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:29:00Z","timestamp":1786649340232,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Acute encephalitis (AE) is associated with a high burden of mortality and permanent disability and has a spectrum of underlying etiologies. The prognosis of encephalitis is difficult and almost all the patients seem to be at a high risk of poor outcomes. A number of physiological changes take place during encephalitis and have been evaluated for their prognostic value. Platelet count, which has been recognized as a surrogate prognostic marker in various viral illnesses, has recently been recognized to have a prognostic value in AE too. In the present study, we attempted to study the role of thrombocytopenia in the prognosis of AE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Total of 98 cases based on clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and radiological profiles consistent with the diagnosis of AE were enrolled in the study. A clinical profile was noted, and platelet count was assessed. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count <150,000\/mm3. Platelet count 100,000\u2013150,000, 50,000\u201399,999, and <50,000\/mm3 were considered mild, moderate, and severe thrombocytopenia. The underlying etiology was explored, and patients were followed till discharge\/outcome. The outcome was noted in terms of the Modified Rankin score (MRS). MRS 0\u20132 was considered good, 3\u20134 fair, and 5\u20136 as poor outcome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean age of patients was 34.06 \u00b1 18.76 years. Majority of patients were women (54.1%). Prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 75.5%. A total of 34 (45.9%) had mild, 30 (40.5%) had moderate, and 10 (13.5%) had severe thrombocytopenia. Acute viral encephalitis (unclassified) was the most common etiology (33.7%), followed by scrub meningoencephalitis (24.5%) and Japanese encephalitis (12.2%), respectively. Good, fair, and poor outcomes were noted in 48 (49%), 21 (21.4%), and 29 (29.6%) cases. On univariate analysis, no significant association of poor outcome was seen with age, sex, duration of fever, and mechanical ventilation need (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). Low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), splenomegaly, low platelet count, and Japanese encephalitis virus\/scrub typhus etiologies were found to be significantly associated with poor outcomes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia compared to normal platelet count and severe thrombocytopenia compared to mild and moderate thrombocytopenia were significantly associated with poor outcomes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, GCS <8 (odds ratio [OR] =4.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.56\u201313.20) and thrombocytopenia (OR = 11.92; 95% CI = 1.38\u2013103.32) emerged as independent predictors of poor outcome.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The findings of the study showed that low GCS and thrombocytopenia could be used as predictors of poor outcomes in AE cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_86_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T06:00:15Z","timestamp":1729663215000},"page":"13-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thrombocytopenia as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Acute Encephalitis at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Virendra","family":"Atam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akriti","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal Kumar","family":"Sawlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Himanshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailendra Prasad","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.177507","article-title":"Public health challenges in India: Seizing the opportunities","volume":"41","author":"Narain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"R2-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162.","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.065169","article-title":"The challenge of communicable diseases in the WHO South-East Asia Region","volume":"88","author":"Narain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull World Health 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