{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:17Z","timestamp":1786728617591,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the effect of statins on the regulation of dopamine neurotransmitters and glutamates and importance of the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) due to its relatively high prevalence and disability of available drugs in treatment of many patients, we came to the point to examine effectiveness of statins in patients with OCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, which is done in OCD clinic of Isfahan Shariati in 2014 for 1 year. The target population consists of 64 patients with OCD; one group is given a daily 40 mg atorvastatin tablets and the other group receives placebo. At baseline, 4- and 8-week severities of obsessive-compulsive symptoms are measured using Yale\u2013Brown scale and compared in the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study results show a statistically significant difference between the two groups of intervention and control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the results show the intervention effect at the end of the 4\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      week and 8\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      week (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) that this change is evident in the 4\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      week but remained almost constant in the 8\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      week.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the evidences obtained from the study declare the effects of adding statins to treat obsessive-compulsive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_114_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T02:03:59Z","timestamp":1527559439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect of Atorvastatin on Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms of Refractory Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Add-on Therapy)"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shahla","family":"Akouchekian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Omranifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parivash","family":"Moshfegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Maracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asiyeh","family":"Almasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200721030-00002","article-title":"Perioperative pain management","volume":"21","author":"Pyati","year":"2007","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"R2-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318074c970","article-title":"The prevalence of postoperative pain in a cross-sectional group of patients after day-case surgery in a university hospital","volume":"23","author":"Gramke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R3-20251008","first-page":"432","article-title":"Preemptive pain control in patients having laparoscopic hernia repair: A comparison of ketorolac and ibuprofen","volume":"133","author":"Mixter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R4-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S105","article-title":"Opioid complications and side effects","volume":"11 2 Suppl","author":"Benyamin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1994.01420260014002","article-title":"Postoperative pain management","volume":"129","author":"Hopf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"key":"R7-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0288","article-title":"Electro-acupuncture for pain relief after nasal septoplasty: A randomized controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Sahmeddini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"R8-20251008","first-page":"36","article-title":"Has ketamine preemptive analgesic effect in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy?","volume":"18","author":"Karaman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agri"},{"issue":"3","key":"R9-20251008","first-page":"305","article-title":"A review of NSAID complications: gastrointestinal and more. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract","volume":"3","author":"Beehrle","year":"1999"},{"key":"R10-20251008","first-page":"11","article-title":"The role of dopamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence","volume":"65 Suppl 14","author":"Denys","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300010","article-title":"Selective alleviation of compulsive lever-pressing in rats by D1, but not D2, blockade: Possible implications for the involvement of D1 receptors in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Joel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 3","key":"R12-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900002479","article-title":"Neurobiology of obsessive compulsive disorder: Serotonin and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Westenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"R13-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2174\/1875397300802010062","article-title":"Glutamatergic synaptic dysfunction and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"2","author":"Ting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Chem Genomics"},{"key":"R14-20251008","first-page":"248","article-title":"New approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder: dopaminergic theories","volume":"22","author":"Hars\u00e1nyi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr Hung"},{"key":"R15-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurx.2005.12.006","article-title":"Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"3","author":"Pittenger","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"R16-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2174\/157488907779561727","article-title":"Glutamatergic dysfunction \u2013 Newer targets for anti-obsessional drugs","volume":"2","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov"},{"key":"R17-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2006.02.013","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders","volume":"29","author":"Denys","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R18-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900002480","article-title":"Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"R19-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1485","article-title":"Differential response to placebo among patients with social phobia, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"161","author":"Huppert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R20-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379704200704","article-title":"Age and remission of psychiatric disorders","volume":"42","author":"Bland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R21-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706106","article-title":"High doses of simvastatin up-regulate dopamine D1 and D2 receptor expression in the rat prefrontal cortex: Possible involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase col","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R22-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.09.009","article-title":"Effects of high dose of simvastatin on levels of dopamine and its reuptake in prefrontal cortex and striatum among SD rats","volume":"408","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R23-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.11.016","article-title":"High dose of simvastatin induces hyperlocomotive and anxiolytic-like activities: The association with the up-regulation of NMDA receptor binding in the rat brain","volume":"216","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R24-20251008","first-page":"11","article-title":"Managing the patient with treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: Current strategies","volume":"55","author":"Jenike","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R25-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.005","article-title":"Statins enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic patients through increased induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase","volume":"126","author":"Maneechotesuwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R26-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.81511","article-title":"Improvement in endothelial dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with N-acetylcysteine and atorvastatin","volume":"43","author":"Kudaravalli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R27-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.08.014","article-title":"Simvastatin improves left ventricular function after myocardial infarction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits by anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"72","author":"Bauersachs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"R28-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511415452","article-title":"Simvastatin improves final visual outcome in acute optic neuritis: A randomized study","volume":"18","author":"Tsakiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"R29-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2011.00888.x","article-title":"Potential role of statins on wound healing: Review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Farsaei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"R30-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.014","article-title":"Quetiapine addition in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Is treatment outcome affected by type and dose of serotonin reuptake inhibitors?","volume":"61","author":"Denys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R31-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.07.022","article-title":"TNF-alpha polymorphisms are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"442","author":"Hounie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R32-20251008","first-page":"105","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). A report of two cases","volume":"38","author":"Brynska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"R33-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.12.004","article-title":"Increased serum levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Leckman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R34-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.05.001","article-title":"A cytokine study in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder","volume":"33","author":"Gabbay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R35-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890008998823","article-title":"Non-lipid-related effects of statins","volume":"32","author":"Bellosta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"R36-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.117","article-title":"Association of statins with inflammatory cytokines: A population-based Colaus study","volume":"219","author":"Lyngdoh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R37-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000022694.16328.CC","article-title":"Simvastatin reduces expression of cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in circulating monocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients","volume":"22","author":"Rezaie-Majd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R38-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1220770","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A prospective, randomized study","volume":"118","author":"Kaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"R39-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20724","article-title":"Comparison of effects of simvastatin versus atorvastatin on oxidative stress in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01679891-201807000-00090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:29:23Z","timestamp":1786724963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01679891-201807000-00090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/abr.abr_114_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-02-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}