{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:20:47Z","timestamp":1787764847318,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pandemic of Covid-19 resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in those with pre-existing diseases like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, etc., primarily due to extensive pulmonary involvement. The chest radiograph is the first imaging tool used in all Covid-19 patients. Hence, in this study, we attempt to understand and evaluate the role of the chest radiograph in Covid-19 patients with and without coexisting diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study included RTPCR-positive Covid-19 patients with comorbidities (560 cases) and without comorbidities (145 controls), viz. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or thyroid disease. All controls and cases had chest radiographs with simple fractional zonal scores in a predesigned proforma. Statistical evaluation of chest radiograph scores was compared with and within groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the controls, approximately 63.5% revealed pulmonary findings on chest radiographs contrary to 77% among cases. No statistical differences were noted among controls and cases based on age and gender. The presence of pleural effusion was noted as a significant factor affecting the score and hence the prognosis in both controls and cases. Statistically significant differences were noted in SFZ scores between controls and various case groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chest radiograph scores in Covid-19 disease are higher in patients with comorbidities at the time of presentation, most marked in those with both hypertension and thyroid disease followed by those with hypertension and coronary artery disease. Lower zone predominance is seen in all patients including those with and without comorbidities. The chest radiograph scores become statistically significant with more than one existing comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_116_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T02:18:03Z","timestamp":1698373083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Radiographic Chest Findings in COVID-19 Positive Patients with and Without Comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Akul","family":"Mohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajul","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Patnayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Neha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijai","family":"Pratap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshul","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kush","family":"Dugad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.016","article-title":"Comorbidities in Covid-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.213","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities among individuals with Covid-19: A rapid review of current literature","volume":"49","author":"Bajgain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201160","article-title":"Frequency and distribution of chest radiograph findings in patients positive for Covid 19","volume":"296","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200432","article-title":"Sensitivity of chest CT for Covid 19: Comparison to RTPCR","volume":"296","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102046","article-title":"BS-Net: Learning COVID-19 pneumonia severity on a large Chest X-Ray dataset","volume":"71","author":"Signoroni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01200-3","article-title":"COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Experimental chest X-ray scoring system for quantifying","volume":"125","author":"Borghesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6808","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07033-y","article-title":"Chest CT score in COVID-19 patients: Correlation with disease severity and short-term prognosis","volume":"30","author":"Francone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.021","article-title":"Chest X-ray severity index as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: A study of 302 patients from Italy","volume":"96","author":"Borghesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00359","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00359-2020","article-title":"Validation of a composed COVID-19 chest radiography score: The CARE project","volume":"6","author":"Giraudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-020-00195-w","article-title":"Chest x-ray severity score in COVID-19 patients on emergency department admission: A two-centre study","volume":"4","author":"Monaco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/00369330211027447","article-title":"Chest x-ray scoring as a predictor of COVID-19 disease; correlation with comorbidities and in-hospital mortality","volume":"66","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.7196\/AJTCCM.2022.v28i4.248","article-title":"Role of chest radiograph in predicting the need of ventilator support in Covid-19 patients","volume":"28","author":"Patnayak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E197","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201754","article-title":"Clinical and chest radiography features determine patient outcomes in young and middle-aged adults with COVID-19","volume":"297","author":"Toussie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R15-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-020-00296-x","article-title":"Chest X-ray findings monitoring COVID-19 disease course and severity","volume":"51","author":"Yasin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med"},{"key":"R16-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4496488","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4496488","article-title":"Chest X-Ray findings in COVID-19 patients presenting to primary care during the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in Qatar: Their association with clinical and laboratory findings","volume":"2021","author":"Abougazia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm Med"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/abr.abr_116_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:48:15Z","timestamp":1787762895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/abr.abr_116_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/abr.abr_116_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}