{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:33:16Z","timestamp":1793237596965,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major diabetic microvascular complication, is a leading cause of visual loss. DR is often insidious and asymptomatic at the early stages. There has been a worldwide effort in the identification of key marker(s) that detect the disease before its onset. Apolipoprotein E (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene has been suggested to be a potential risk factor for the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetes. There are a few published reports available on the relationship between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    and DR; however, the outcome of these studies is inconsistent. Till date, there is no meta-analysis available on the association between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    and DR. Therefore, we have performed meta-analysis to achieve a more accurate conclusion regarding the relationship between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    genetic polymorphism and DR. Case\u2013control studies analyzing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphism and DR were selected from databases, including PubMed and Google, as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible data were extracted, pooled, analyzed, and evaluated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version-4. A total of five case\u2013control studies were included, comprising 1,572 cases and 2,746 controls. The genotypes of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    were compared between cases and controls. Two genotypes, \u025b2\u025b2 and \u025b2\u025b3, were compared with \u025b2\u025b4 and \u025b3\u025b3. According to the analysis, there was no significant association between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypic polymorphisms and DR (OR = 1.008, 95% CI = 0.702 \u20131.447,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.967). In this meta-analysis, we found that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms were not associated with DR, suggesting that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ApoE<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene polymorphism does not determine genetic susceptibility of DR. Other genetic and environmental factors may be involved in DR development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_155_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:00:28Z","timestamp":1793210428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis: Unveiling the Link between Apolipoprotein E and Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Nafees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KM","family":"Ambika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manzoor Ahmad","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasbir","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20261029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-023-00314-8","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation","volume":"14","author":"Kropp","year":"2023","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"R3-20261029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.02.054","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms are not associated with diabetic retinopathy: The atherosclerosis risk in communities 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