{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:49:16Z","timestamp":1787910556224,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Artificial intelligence talks about modeling intelligent behavior through a computer with the least human involvement. Drug repositioning techniques based on artificial intelligence accelerate the research process and decrease the cost of experimental studies. Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors as the tyrosine kinase family of receptors plays a vital role in a wide range of malignancies. Because of their functional significance, they were considered promising drug targets for the therapy of various cancers. This review has summarized small molecules capable of inhibiting FGF receptors that progressed using artificial intelligence and repositioning drugs examined in clinical trials associated with cancer therapy. This review is based on a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to gather the necessary information in each chapter by employing keywords like artificial intelligence, computational drug design, drug repositioning, and FGF receptor inhibitors. To achieve this goal, a spacious literature review of human studies in these fields\u2014published over the last 20 decades\u2014was performed. According to published reports, nonselective FGF receptor inhibitors can be used for cancer management, and multitarget kinase inhibitors are the first drug class approved due to more advanced clinical studies. For example, AZD4547 and BGJ398 are gradually entering the consumption cycle and are good options as combined treatments. Artificial intelligence and drug repositioning methods can help preselect suitable drug targets more successfully for future inhibition of carcinogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_170_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T03:00:32Z","timestamp":1706670032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Application of Artificial Intelligence and Drug Repositioning for the Identification of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Parvin","family":"Zarei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.05.013","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in cancer:FGF traps as a new therapeutic approach","volume":"179","author":"Presta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.176","article-title":"The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway","volume":"4","author":"Ornitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2001-2-3-reviews3005","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factors","volume":"2","author":"Ornitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2015.322.1628","article-title":"[Bone mineral metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease:Review of its pathophysiology and morbimortality","volume":"32","author":"Bernuy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a015958","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a015958","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor signaling in physiology and pathology","volume":"5","author":"Belov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80851-X","article-title":"Crystal structures of two FGF-FGFR complexes reveal the determinants of ligand-receptor specificity","volume":"101","author":"Plotnikov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2004.08.007","article-title":"Evolution of the Fgf and Fgfr gene families","volume":"20","author":"Itoh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20180004","article-title":"Structure, activation and dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor kinases:Perspectives for clinical targeting","volume":"46","author":"Farrell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2015.03.003","article-title":"Functions of fibroblast growth factor receptors in cancer defined by novel translocations and mutations","volume":"26","author":"Gallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1702556","article-title":"Three-dimensional structures of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors","volume":"251","author":"Zhu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3441","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of human basic fibroblast growth factor","volume":"88","author":"Eriksson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0115-y","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptors as treatment targets in clinical oncology","volume":"16","author":"Katoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0699","article-title":"Molecular pathways:Fibroblast growth factor signaling:A new therapeutic opportunity in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Brooks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R15-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220834","article-title":"Transforming fusions of FGFR and TACC genes in human glioblastoma","volume":"337","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R16-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2199","article-title":"Detection, characterization, and inhibition of FGFR-TACC fusions in IDH wild-type glioma","volume":"21","author":"Di Stefano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R17-20240830","first-page":"855","article-title":"The tumorigenic FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusion escapes miR-99a regulation in glioblastoma","volume":"123","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R18-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4209","article-title":"Identification of recurrent FGFR3 fusion genes in lung cancer through kinome-centred RNA sequencing","volume":"230","author":"Majewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"R19-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05610","article-title":"Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes","volume":"446","author":"Greenman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R20-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.01.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of FGFR-mediated carcinogenesis","volume":"1823","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R21-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64665-2","article-title":"Frequent FGFR3 mutations in papillary non-invasive bladder (pTa) tumors","volume":"158","author":"Billerey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R22-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2892","article-title":"Somatic mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) defines a distinct morphological subtype of high-grade urothelial carcinoma","volume":"224","author":"Al-Ahmadie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"R23-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.161","article-title":"Ligand-associated ERBB2\/3 activation confers acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition in FGFR3-dependent cancer cells","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"R24-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.121106","article-title":"The N550K\/H mutations in FGFR2 confer differential resistance to PD173074, dovitinib, and ponatinib ATP-competitive inhibitors","volume":"15","author":"Byron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"R25-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7158","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210529","article-title":"Frequent activating FGFR2 mutations in endometrial carcinomas parallel germline mutations associated with craniosynostosis and skeletal dysplasia syndromes","volume":"26","author":"Pollock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"R26-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6902","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0770","article-title":"Inhibition of activated fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 in endometrial cancer cells induces cell death despite PTEN abrogation","volume":"68","author":"Byron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R27-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.8.1921","article-title":"Pathogenicity of thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase for vascular dementia","volume":"20","author":"Yoo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R28-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0639","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis of rhabdomyosarcoma reveals a landscape of alterations affecting a common genetic axis in fusion-positive and fusion-negative tumors","volume":"4","author":"Shern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"R29-20240830","first-page":"3395","article-title":"Identification of FGFR4-activating mutations in human rhabdomyosarcomas that promote metastasis in xenotransplanted models","volume":"119","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R30-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2005.01.004","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor\/fibroblast growth factor receptor system in angiogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Presta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"R31-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01676-X","article-title":"FGF and VEGF function in angiogenesis:Signalling pathways, biological responses and therapeutic inhibition","volume":"22","author":"Cross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R32-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6199844","article-title":"Heparin affinity:Purification of a tumor-derived capillary endothelial cell growth factor","volume":"223","author":"Shing","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R33-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.3.454","article-title":"Basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenic phenotype in mouse endothelium. A study of aortic and microvascular endothelial cell lines","volume":"17","author":"Bastaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R34-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(02)02394-8","article-title":"The role of fibroblast growth factors in vascular development","volume":"8","author":"Javerzat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"R35-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204368","article-title":"Paracrine and autocrine effects of fibroblast growth factor-4 in endothelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Dell'Era","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"R36-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041290220","article-title":"Both normal and tumor cells produce basic fibroblast growth factor","volume":"129","author":"Moscatelli","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R37-20240830","first-page":"4060","article-title":"Purification from a human hepatoma cell line of a basic fibroblast growth factor-like molecule that stimulates capillary endothelial cell plasminogen activator production, DNA synthesis, and migration","volume":"6","author":"Presta","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R38-20240830","first-page":"5754","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes tumor progression in an autochthonous mouse model of prostate cancer","volume":"63","author":"Polnaszek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R39-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000506","article-title":"Allelic association of the MTHFR gene with schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Wei","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R40-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.02.019","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and growth by a small-molecule multi-FGF receptor blocker with allosteric properties","volume":"23","author":"Bono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"R41-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e15074","article-title":"FPA144, a humanized monoclonal antibody for both FGFR2-amplified and nonamplified, FGFR2b-overexpressing gastric cancer patients","author":"Pierce","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"R42-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39861","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9515","article-title":"Inhibition of FGF\/FGFR autocrine signaling in mesothelioma with the FGF ligand trap, FP-|y1039\/GSK3052230","volume":"7","author":"Blackwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"R43-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.02.018","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of SSR128129E, an extracellularly acting, small-molecule, allosteric inhibitor of FGF receptor signaling","volume":"23","author":"Herbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"R44-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2015.09.027","article-title":"Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor\/FGF Inhibitors:Novel Targets and Strategies for Optimization of Response of Solid Tumors","volume":"42","author":"Hierro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"R45-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2018.1491795","article-title":"Future applications of FGF\/FGFR inhibitors in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Ghedini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"R46-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.03.015","article-title":"A FGFR2 inhibitor, Ki23057, enhances the chemosensitivity of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells","volume":"307","author":"Qiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"R47-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0190","article-title":"Targeting FGFR with dovitinib (TKI258):Preclinical and clinical data in breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R48-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2013.4","article-title":"A mechanism of resistance to gefitinib mediated by cellular reprogramming and the acquisition of an FGF2-FGFR1 autocrine growth loop","volume":"2","author":"Ware","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"R49-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28087","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.377218","article-title":"Reactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3)\/Ras mediates resistance to vemurafenib in human B-RAF V600E mutant melanoma","volume":"287","author":"Yadav","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R50-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.103","article-title":"Cross-suppression of EGFR ligands amphiregulin and epiregulin and de-repression of FGFR3 signalling contribute to cetuximab resistance in wild-type KRAS tumour cells","volume":"106","author":"Oliveras-Ferraros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R51-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16052","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14109","article-title":"Inhibition of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway:The current landscape and barriers to clinical application","volume":"8","author":"Chae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"R52-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.011","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"69S","author":"Hamet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"R53-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1312","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1312","article-title":"Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"9","author":"Holzinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Data Min Knowl Discov"},{"key":"R54-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_440_19","article-title":"Overview of artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"8","author":"Amisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R55-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/13645706.2019.1575882","article-title":"Introduction to artificial intelligence in medicine","volume":"28","author":"Mintz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol"},{"key":"R56-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-021-10217-3","article-title":"Artificial intelligence to deep learning:Machine intelligence approach for drug discovery","volume":"25","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Divers"},{"key":"R57-20240830","author":"McCarthy","year":"2007","journal-title":"What is artificial intelligence"},{"key":"R58-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.08.010","article-title":"From machine learning to deep learning:Progress in machine intelligence for rational drug discovery","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"R59-20240830","first-page":"1150","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in drug design\u2014the storm before the calm? ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters","volume":"9","author":"Jordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Publications"},{"key":"R60-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207780765954","article-title":"Artificial intelligence approaches for rational drug design and discovery","volume":"13","author":"Duch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"R62-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.05.005","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for clinical trial design","volume":"40","author":"Harrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R63-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102520","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in drug design","volume":"23","author":"Hessler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"R64-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-020-00317-x","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in chemistry and drug design","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Comput Aided Mol Des"},{"key":"R65-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty133","article-title":"A novel computational approach for drug repurposing using systems biology","volume":"34","author":"Peyvandipour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R66-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.09.017","article-title":"Drug-repositioning opportunities for cancer therapy:Novel molecular targets for known compounds","volume":"21","author":"W\u00fcrth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"R67-20240830","first-page":"1","article-title":"Examination of clinical trial costs and barriers for drug development final, Off","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Assist. Secr. Plan. Eval. US Dep Heal Hum Serv"},{"key":"R68-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.24612","article-title":"Review of drug repositioning approaches and resources","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R69-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.14.244","article-title":"Repurposing drugs in your medicine cabinet:Untapped opportunities for cancer therapy?","volume":"11","author":"Pantziarka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"R70-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-490003","article-title":"The price of drugs for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a reflection of the unsustainable prices of cancer drugs:From the perspective of a large group of CML experts","volume":"121","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R71-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70056-1","article-title":"Has the time come for metronomics in low-income and middle-income countries?","volume":"14","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"R72-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c05821","article-title":"Drug repurposing:A new hope in drug discovery for prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Malik","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"R73-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv254","article-title":"Receptor tyrosine kinase mutations in developmental syndromes and cancer:Two sides of the same coin","volume":"24","author":"McDonell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"R74-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105463","article-title":"Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors:A 2021 update","volume":"165","author":"Roskoski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"R75-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109319","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22674","article-title":"Inhibitor repurposing reveals ALK, LTK, FGFR, RET and TRK kinases as the targets of AZD1480","volume":"8","author":"Gudernova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"R76-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2015.10.021","article-title":"Novel therapeutic targets in advanced urothelial carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Rouanne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"R77-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2129","article-title":"In vivo target modulation and biological activity of CHIR-258, a multitargeted growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor, in colon cancer models","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R78-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4774","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6307","article-title":"BIBF 1120:Triple angiokinase inhibitor with sustained receptor blockade and good antitumor efficacy","volume":"68","author":"Hilberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R79-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2700","article-title":"E-3810 is a potent dual inhibitor of VEGFR and FGFR that exerts antitumor activity in multiple preclinical models","volume":"71","author":"Bello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R80-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23131","article-title":"E7080, a novel inhibitor that targets multiple kinases, has potent antitumor activities against stem cell factor producing human small cell lung cancer H146, based on angiogenesis inhibition","volume":"122","author":"Matsui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R81-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1021\/jm051106d","article-title":"Discovery and preclinical studies of (R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[2, 1-f][1, 2, 4] triazin-6-yloxy) propan- 2-ol (BMS-540215), an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor","volume":"49","author":"Bhide","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"R82-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-10-0574","article-title":"ENMD-2076 is an orally active kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative mechanisms of action","volume":"10","author":"Fletcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"R83-20240830","first-page":"4152","article-title":"SU6668 is a potent antiangiogenic and antitumor agent that induces regression of established tumors","volume":"60","author":"Laird","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R84-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.09.028","article-title":"AP24534, a pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor for chronic myeloid leukemia, potently inhibits the T315I mutant and overcomes mutation-based resistance","volume":"16","author":"O'Hare","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"R85-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3034","article-title":"AZD4547:An orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family","volume":"72","author":"Gavine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R86-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7066","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2006222","article-title":"Discovery of3-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-{6-[4-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-1-methyl-urea (NVP-BGJ398), a potent and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase","volume":"54","author":"Guagnano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"R87-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-11-0306","article-title":"A novel, selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors that shows a potent broad spectrum of antitumor activity in several tumor xenograft models","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"R89-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.319","article-title":"Tumour cell responses to new fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and identification of a gatekeeper mutation in FGFR3 as a mechanism of acquired resistance","volume":"32","author":"Chell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"R91-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1466","article-title":"A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of TKI258, an oral, multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"14","author":"Sarker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R92-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7451","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-1747","article-title":"Phase I\/II and pharmacodynamic study of dovitinib (TKI258), an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors and VEGF receptors, in patients with advanced melanoma","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"(15_suppl)","key":"R93-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.508","article-title":"A multicenter, open-label phase II trial of dovitinib, an FGFR1 inhibitor, in FGFR1 amplified and non-amplified metastatic breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Andre","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R94-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.42.0505","article-title":"OCEANS:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer","volume":"30","author":"Aghajanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"(15_suppl)","key":"R95-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS149","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.tps149","article-title":"First-in-man study of E-|y3810, a novel VEGFR and FGFR inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"29","author":"Soria","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R96-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-11-0450","article-title":"Ponatinib (AP24534), a multitargeted pan-FGFR inhibitor with activity in multiple FGFR-amplified or mutated cancer models","volume":"11","author":"Gozgit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"R97-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq599","article-title":"A phase I study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a dual VEGFR and FGFR inhibitor, brivanib, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors","volume":"22","author":"Jonker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"R98-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-2638","article-title":"Phase I dose-escalation study and biomarker analysis of E7080 in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"17","author":"Yamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R99-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0362","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a cancer treatment:From a biologic rationale to medical perspectives","volume":"3","author":"Dieci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"R100-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6532","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126532","article-title":"Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy and Personalized Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Morand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/abr.abr_170_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:16:51Z","timestamp":1787768211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/abr.abr_170_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":96,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/abr.abr_170_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}