{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:59:22Z","timestamp":1787990362326,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the association between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and insulin resistance and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      July 2020 to 31\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      August 2021, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 pregnant women with GDM based on 75 gr oral glucose tolerance test results between 24-28 weeks of gestation in Kowsar hospital\u2014a tertiary teaching hospital in Qazvin province, Iran. All enrolled patients underwent testing for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      serum IgG antibody and fasting insulin level. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is computed using fasting blood sugar and fasting serum insulin level, and HOMA-IR \u22652.5 is considered an indicator of insulin resistance. The patient was followed till delivery and evaluated for the incidence of pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, preterm labor (PTL), need for insulin therapy, and delivery of large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The frequency of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection was 62%.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      seropositivity was associated with elevated serum insulin level (15.88 \u00b1 6.71 Vs 12.86 \u00b1 5.69,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u02c2 0.05) and higher frequency of HOMA-IR \u22652.5 (83.87% Vs 63.16%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). In multivariate analysis,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      seropositivity was the strongest risk factor for HOMA-IR \u22652.5 (OR = 3.263, 95% CI: 1.160- 9.176,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025). there was no association between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      seropositivity and pregnancy outcomes. In this study, the frequency of LGA was higher among patients with HOMA-Ir \u22652.5 (36.9% Vs 5.7%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u02c2 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection is prevalent among patients with gestational diabetes and is associated with insulin resistance in this group of pregnant women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_189_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T14:01:27Z","timestamp":1767103287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of 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Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadhosein","family":"Hoseinimotlaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251230","first-page":"174550572210922","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and related factors among pregnant women at debre tabor general hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: Anemia highly related with H. pylori","volume":"18","author":"Yisak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health (Lond)"},{"key":"R2-20251230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0220636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220636","article-title":"The effect of helicobacter pylori infection and different H. pylori components on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells and 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