{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:43:21Z","timestamp":1792086201176,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n (\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n ) is a protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. The conventional anti-\n Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n treatments cause significant toxicity.\n Brassicaceae<\/jats:italic>\n family contains several medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, insecticide, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. In this study, the hydroalcoholic extract of some\n Brassicaceae<\/jats:italic>\n species was investigated against\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Seeds of\n Alyssum homolocarpum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Lepidium perfoliatum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Lepidium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n , and aerial parts of\n Nasturtium officinale<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Capsella<\/jats:italic>\n bursa-pastoris<\/jats:italic>\n were extracted by maceration method using 80% ethanol. Vero cells were treated with different concentrations (5\u2013600 \u03bcg\/mL) of the extracts and pyrimethamine (as positive control), and the cellular viability was verified. Next, Vero cells were infected by\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n tachyzoites (RH strain), and the viability of the infected cells was measured by a colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The 50% inhibitory concentration values were 5.1, 14.67, 32.49, 37.31, 71.35, and 2.63 \u03bcg\/mL, and the selectivity indices were 8.06, 2.59, 0.74, 0.78, 0.65 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 compared with positive control), and 3.03 for\n L. sativum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n L. perfoliatum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n N. officinale<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n A. homolocarpum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n C. bursa-pastoris<\/jats:italic>\n , and pyrimethamine, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The results of this study demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extracts of\n L. sativum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n L. perfoliatum<\/jats:italic>\n have the promising anti-\n Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n activity by growth inhibition of\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n tachyzoites in infected cells.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_206_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T07:22:40Z","timestamp":1579677760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Some Brassicaceae Species"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mahbobeh","family":"Montazeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mirzaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheleh","family":"Naeimayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohre","family":"Moradi Karimabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadiseh","family":"Khalilzadeh Arjmandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niusha","family":"Esmaealzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Shahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90018-X","article-title":"Pathophysiology of toxoplasmosis","volume":"4","author":"Frenkel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"R2-20250805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7254.142","article-title":"Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. 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