{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:19:22Z","timestamp":1787840362636,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important public health problems in many developing countries. Sand flies, as vectors, transmit infectious forms of the parasite to the vertebrate hosts. Poldokhtar, South West of Iran, is one of the endemic foci of diseases with a little information about it. In this paper, we have tried to gather some useful information to control and to prevent this disease in this region.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The present study was conducted to determine the vector(s), the parasite, and the species composition of sand flies in the Poldokhtar County during the months from July to September 2015. Sticky paper traps were used to collect sand flies from July to September. Species identification was done based on available diagnostic keys. Nested-polymerase chain reaction was performed to diagnosis the\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n infection of sand flies, and restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n species.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 2000 specimens comprising 8 species of sand flies (6\n Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>\n and 2\n Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic>\n ) were identified.\n Phlebotomus papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n was the dominant species outdoor and\n Sergentomyia sintoni<\/jats:italic>\n was the dominant species indoor. Among the 163 specimens of female\n P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n , just 10 of them (6.1%) were positive to\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n major parasites.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n This is the first report of\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n infection of\n P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n to\n L. major<\/jats:italic>\n in this region. The results revealed that the high density of\n P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n in outdoor and their infection with\n L. major<\/jats:italic>\n is attributed that this species can play a major role as a principle vector in this region.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_207_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T03:26:44Z","timestamp":1535686004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Identification of Leishmania Parasites in Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) of an Endemic Foci in Poldokhtar, Iran"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Masoomeh","family":"Zivdari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Mirhendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Health Training and Research Center, Institute Public of Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan-Ali","family":"Rastegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Center, Poledokhtar Health Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Abtahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniases Report of a WHO expert committee","volume":"793","year":"1990","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"R2-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: Current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Desjeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect 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of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus, central Iran","volume":"2015","author":"Yaghoobi-Ershadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"R8-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.06.003","article-title":"Leishmania species: Detection and identification by nested PCR assay from skin samples of rodent reservoirs","volume":"126","author":"Akhavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"R9-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-010-0044-1","article-title":"Dynamics of Leishmania infection rates in Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran","volume":"103","author":"Akhavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"R10-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.3523","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Leishmania infection in sand flies from Sistan Va Baluchistan Province, Southeastern Iran","volume":"2012","author":"Kassiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"R11-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.08.017","article-title":"Diversity of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in southwest Iran with emphasis on synanthropy of Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus alexandri","volume":"140","author":"Jahanifard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"R12-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0448-0","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania major DNA within wild caught Phlebotomus papatasi and species composition of sand flies in endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in western Iran","volume":"40","author":"Vahabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"R13-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8103","article-title":"Molecular identification of Leishmania species isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Poledokhtar District, Lorestan Province, Iran","volume":"6","author":"Beiranvand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical 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