{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:20:58Z","timestamp":1787764858907,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Encephalitis is an uncommon, serious brain infection that can cause fatality among children. The cause of most encephalitis remained unknown, yet viruses are the most well-known infectious agents that cause encephalitis. This study aimed to determine varicella\u2013zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (HSV1\/2) among individuals who are under 5 years of age in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 149 cerebrospinal fluid samples of suspected patients of encephalitis were analyzed with some symptoms, such as seizure, fever, nausea loss of consciousness, and dizziness from Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Then, the molecular evaluation of samples was performed using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for detecting HSV1\/2 and VZV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of the patients was 1.8 years. Also, 63.4% of children were male and 36.6% were female. Out of 149 tested samples, 11 (7.3%) showed the viral DNA for one of the herpes viruses (7.3%). Nine samples were HSV1 positive (6.0%) and two samples were VZV positive (1.3%). Fever and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms. The mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD) WBC and counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-positive samples, and all included samples were 298.8 \u00b1 552.7 cells\/\u03bcL and 131.1 \u00b1 474.6 cells\/\u03bcL, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although viral encephalitis is considered a threat to children's health, with accurate diagnosis and appropriate antiviral drugs, death and neurological complications in children can be prevented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_322_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T02:18:03Z","timestamp":1698373083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples of Children Suspected to Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Golnaz","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasan","family":"Saket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Kazemi Aghdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morvarid","family":"Golrokh Mofrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Faghihloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000362688","article-title":"Trends in encephalitis-associated deaths in the United States, 1999-2008","volume":"43","author":"Tack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"R2-20240830","first-page":"426","article-title":"Encephalitis, Ontario, Canada, 2002\u20132013","volume":"22","author":"Parpia","year":"2016","journal-title":"EmergInfect Dis"},{"key":"R3-20240830","first-page":"145","article-title":"Encephalitis in US children","volume":"32","author":"Messacar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1086\/589747","article-title":"The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"47","author":"Tunkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2021.100936","article-title":"Analysing the HERV-K env, np9, rec and gag expression in cervical tissues","volume":"44","author":"Tavakolian","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050658","article-title":"Epidemiology of encephalitis in children. 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