{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:27:27Z","timestamp":1787776047539,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited spatial nasal cavity in children, make pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) a difficult surgical procedure. We apply a limited approach to pediatric DCR and follow them for their consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An experimental study was done in pediatric DCR with limited approach (age &lt; 14-year-old). After written consent, with general anesthesia, with nasal endoscopic surgery, lacrimal bone is exposed and extruded. In contrast with routine procedure, ascending process of maxillary sinus reserve; and marsupialization and wide exposure to lacrimal sac was done only by lacrimal bone defect; and cannulation preserve with temporary silicone tube.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2006 and 2012, 16 pediatric DCR was done by a unique surgeon in 2 otorhinolaryngologic centers. Before surgery 14 (87.5%) had epiphora, 3 (18.8%) had eye discharge, and 3 (18.8%) had eye sticky eye. Two (12.5%) had history of facial trauma, and 10 (62.5%) had congenital nasolacrimal duct insufficiency. Five (31.3%) had history of dacryocystitis. Patients were followed for 17 \u00b1 9 months. Silicone tube stayed for 4 \u00b1 2.5 months. We could follow 7 patients and minimal improvement or need to revision surgery considered as technical failure. After surgery, 3 patients had no epiphora with complete improvement; 2 had very good improvement with confidence of the patients and parents; 2 cases had unsuccessful surgery in our patients, who needs to another surgery. One of them had several probing and surgery before our endoscopic DCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited approach in endoscopic DCR of pediatrics can be done in noncomplicated patients, with minimal manipulation, more confidence, and acceptable results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_375_14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T04:18:55Z","timestamp":1510287535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Limited Approach in Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy of Pediatrics"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Seyyed Mostafa","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afrooz","family":"Eshaghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(03)00188-5","article-title":"Transnasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy for the treatment of lacrimal pathway stenoses in pediatric patients","volume":"67","author":"Berlucchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R3-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0273-y","article-title":"Paediatric endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"244","author":"Leibovitch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31825e6aad","article-title":"Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in a pediatric patient with ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia after failure of external dacryocystorhinostomy and as first procedure","volume":"29","author":"Sacchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R5-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01830-5","article-title":"Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with mucosal flaps","volume":"135","author":"Tsirbas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000163764.01776.10","article-title":"The maxillary line: Anatomic characterization and clinical utility of an important surgical landmark","volume":"115","author":"Chastain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R7-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.03.015","article-title":"Primary pediatric endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy \u2013 A review of 58 procedures","volume":"74","author":"Kom\u00ednek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R8-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181b80af6","article-title":"Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: A modified technique with preservation of the nasal and lacrimal mucosa","volume":"26","author":"Cod\u00e8re","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R9-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.03.006","article-title":"Pediatric endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"73","author":"Eloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr 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surgical technique","volume":"268","author":"Uysal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R14-20250806","first-page":"258","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after transcanalicular laser dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"32","author":"Nuhoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"R15-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00699-6","article-title":"Pediatric dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Barnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical 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